MODULE 3: HISTORICAL CONTEXT

OF THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL

SCIENCE DISCIP
• After going through this module, you are expected to:
• 1. explain the major events that led to the emergence of the social science disciplines;
• 2. enumerate the contributions of social science disciplines; and
• 3. demonstrate the historical foundation of social science discipline
MAJOR EVENT AND CONTRIBUTION
OF SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINE
• In the development of the history of science, the histories of the individual scientific
disciplines have played an enormously significant role. The goals and functions of these
have recently received considerable attention, both because of the influence that such
histories have had on the legitimacy and self-image of the disciplines and also because of the
adaptability that they have shown when faced with the conceptual and methodological
changes that they have undergon
PHOTO ANALYSIS
What are the
similarities and
differences of the
Gutierrez twnis?
• According to Quexbook, 2018 Anthropology traces its roots to Ancient Greek historical and
philosophical writings about human nature and the organization of human society

• According to Quexbook, 2018 The Modern Economics, which is still being studied today, is
the result of the efforts of ancient or Pre classical (384 B.C - 1776), classical (1776 - 1871),
Neoclassical (1871 - today) and Islamic Economis
• According to Quexbook, 2018 Some of the first truly geographical studies occurred more
than four thousand years ago. The main purpose of these early investigations was to map
features and places observed as explorers travelled to new lands. At this time, Chinese,
Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations were beginning to explore the places and spaces
within and outside their homelands. The earliest evidence of such explorations come from
the archaeological discovery of a Babylonian clay tablet map that dates back to 2300 BC.
• According to Quexbook, 2018 People with a certain word choice, syntax, and pronunciation
are revealed to be members of a particular speech community; a group of people who share
social conventions about language use. Some features are noticeable (salient) and are
recognized within the community as having a particular social meaning. Other features are
sociolinguistic indicators that can be associated with certain social characteristics. Different
speech communities may reflect subsets of the same language called dialects
• According to Quexbook, 2018 From the late 1950s to mid-1980s, works in the history of
Political Science stand out by their sheer rarity. Earlier political scientists were rather
(though not exceptionally) more historical in their disciplinary self - understanding. Wilhelm
Wundt opened the first experimental laboratory in Psychology at the University of Leipzig,
Germany. Credited with establishing psychology as academic discipline, Wundt’s students
include Emil Kraepelin, James McKeen Cattell, and G. Stanley Hall.
• According to Quexbook, 2018 Although sociology has its roots in the works of philosophers
like Plato, Aristotle, and Confucius, it is a relatively new academic discipline. It emerged in
the early nineteenth century in response to the challenges of modernity
• According to Quexbook, 2018 The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is based on
historical population trends of two demographic characteristics - birth rate and death rate - to
suggest that a country’s total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country
develops economic
FOUNDER OF DIFFERENT
DISCIPLINES
 1. ANTHROPOLOGY: EDWARD
BURNETT TAYLOR (1832 - 1917
• According to Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004
•  English cultural anthropologist
•  First to hold the chair in the subject at Oxford University in the UK in 1896
•  Coined the term “culture”
•  Wrote “Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of
Civilization"
 2. HISTORY: HERODOTUS (484 B.C -
425 B.C) ACCORDING TO MARK, 201
•  Greek Historian
•  Treated historical subjects as a method of investigation
•  Collected historical materials systematically and critically and arranged them into a
historical narrative.  Wrote “Histories” which is the record of ancient traditions and culture
of Greece, Asia and Afr
 3. ECONOMICS: ADAM SMITH (1723 -
1790) ACCORDING TO BUTLER, 2016
•  Founder of Classical School
•  Constructed an explanation on how social behavior is regulated
•  Saw a world where each person sought their own self - interest but was constrained by
morality, markets and government
•  Wrote “Wealth of the Nations” in 1776
 4. GEOGRAPHY: ERATOSTHENES (276 B.C
- 194 B.C) ACCORDING TO RUSSELL
•  Greek geographer  Became chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria
•  Accepted the concept that the Earth is round and calculated its
• circumference to within 0.5 percent accuracy
•  Described the known areas of the world and divided the earth into five
• climatic regions
•  Prepared the earliest maps of the known w
 5. LINGUISTIC: FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE
(1857 - 1913) ACCORDING TO MAMBROL
•  Swiss linguist  Posited that linguistic form is arbitrary and therefore that all languages
function in a similar fashion
•  Published “Memoire sur le systeme primitifdes voyelles dans les langues indo-
europeenes.”
• 6. Political Science: Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C) According to Neonatal, 2016
•  Political scientist
•  Laid down the foundation of governance and leadership
•  He said “man by nature is a political animal”.
•  He wrote “The Politics”

• 7. Psychology: Wilhelm Wundt (1832 - 1920) According to McLeod, 2008

•  German Psychologist
•  Opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879
•  Trained Psychology students to make observations that were biased by personal interpretation or previous
experience and used the results to develop a theory of conscious thought
•  Wrote “Principles of Physiological Psychology
• 8. Sociology: Auguste Comte (1798 - 1857) According to Lyudmila, 2000
•  French sociologist
•  Coined the term “sociology”
•  Advocated the application of scientific method to social life and positivism.
•  Wrote “Cours de Philosophie Positive” published from 1830 - 1842 in five volumes.
 9. DEMOGRAPHY
Table 1: Historical Foundation of
Each Discip
THANK YOU!