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Copy data from a source
Scanners take paper and convert it into a bitmap
Types of scanners
Optical scanner
Bar code readers
Character and Mark recognition
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Convert text or drawings into machine
readable format
Can be displayed, printed, or stored
Types of optical scanners
Flatbed scanner
Source placed on glass surface
Image scanned from below
Portable scanner
Handheld device that slides across source
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Flatbed scanner
If we talk about scanners, thus we mean usually flatbed scanner.
The scan documents (texts, photo, diagrams etc..) are put on a
glass plate like a copier, under which a carriage with an exposure
item and the read head moves. Then the picture is scanned The
picture information is entered by a CCD (Charge Couple
Device). CCDs are semiconductor chips, with an array of photo-
sensitive cells, which are used for the transformation from
electromagnetic waves of light into electrical signals.
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Photoelectric scanner
Using Optical Recognition, a light beam scans the item and
changes it into electrical impulses for processing Contain
photoelectric cells that read bar codes
Read bar codes
Alternating black & white vertical bars
Universal Product Code (UPC)
Seen in grocery stores, retail stores
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Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)
Reads magnetically encoded characters
Optical-character recognition (OCR)
Optical character recognition (OCR) converts bitmap
back into text
• different fonts create problems for simple
“template matching”
algorithms
• more complex systems segment text,
decompose it into lines and arcs, and decipher
characters that way
Optical-mark recognition (OMR)
Senses presence or absence of marks
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A flatbed scanner scans one sheet at a time by laying the
sheet face down on the bed of the scanner
Sheetfed scanner use motorized rollers to feed the
document across the scanning mechanism
Handheld scanner-portable device that requires users to
pass the scanning element over the item to be scanned
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Bar codes-each product has a unique product
code (UPC) represented by a pattern of bars
Bar code scanner scans the bars using reflected
light which is then processed to retrieve product
information assigned to that bar code
Handwriting Recognition
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Scanners are typically envisioned as connected to a co-
located host computer.
Submitting “Jobs” to network scanners is unnatural since a
walk-up user must be present to submit the originals
anyway.
Jobs may be most naturally started at the scanner and not
at a workstation.
Will be more prevalent as networked MFPs provide
scanning capability.
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Archive-Communicate
recording a facsimile of an image, such as a form or a signature
for storage, transmission or reproduction. Parameters and area
probably well defined, fidelity important. Includes Copying, Fax.
Modify-Reproduce
Capturing an image for inclusion in a document or display, often
with modification, scaling, cropping, etc. Parameters may not be
known and area to be scanned may be inconsistent, fidelity
important.
Extract-Analysis
Processing an image for analysis or interpretation, such as OCR
or feature analysis. Parameters and area probably well defined,
fidelity not too important for extraction. Analysis required very
high fidelity.
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Character and mark recognition devices
Scanners that recognize special characters &
marks
Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)
Optical-character recognition (OCR)
Optical-mark recognition (OMR)
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Scanners read and
interpret information on
printed matter
The information is
converted to a format
for storage
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Grades test
Checks survey
The sense marks are
compared on the test by
the scanner
Corrections are
calculated
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Scanners capture and digitize printed images.
There are several types of scanners:
Flatbed scanners
Handheld scanners
Sheet-fed scanners
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Item to be scanned is to be pulled into a
stationary scanning mechanism
Smaller and less expensive than flatbed scanner
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Item to be scanned rotates around stationary
scanning mechanism
Very large and expensive
Used in the publishing industry.
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A scanner, simply put, is a device used to
analyze an image and process it.
Scann
ed Image
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There are different types of scanners for
different types of documents that need to
be scanned.
Flatbed Scanners
Handheld Scanners
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Used for scanning most documents, photos,
and even flat objects from a PC or laptop.
Flatbed scanner works like a copy machine.
Scans documents placed face down on the
glass (scan bed)
Most common type of scanner.
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Smaller than the previous two
scanners.
The user must move the
scanner across the document.
Image quality us usually
lower.
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Most modern Scanners
connect to the computer
through the USB.
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Depending on your scanning software, you may have
different options of file formats in which to save your
scanned image or document.
Images may be saved as:
jpg, bmp, tif, or png.
Documents may be saved as:
pdf, or any of the image formats
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The BMP file format, sometimes called bitmap
file format , is an image file format used to store
bitmap digital images.
BMP is a very simple bitmap format used by
Microsoft. It doesn't support any photo specific
features - and most importantly it doesn't support
color management.
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jpg is the most common image format used by digital
cameras and other photographic image capture devices, and
is the most common format for storing and transmitting
photographic images on the World Wide Web.
jpg images are considered lossy, meaning when compressed,
they lose some of the data that renders the image, resulting in
a lower resolution image.
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Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
Designed to replace the GIF format.
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The Portable Document Format (PDF) is the file format created by
Adobe Systems in 1993 for document exchange. PDF is a fixed-
layout format used for representing two-dimensional documents in a
manner independent of the application software, hardware, and
operating system.
Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a 2-D
document (and, with Acrobat 3-D, embedded 3-D documents) that
includes the text, fonts, images, and 2-D vector graphics that
compose the documents.
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After scanning, you may need to modify your
image in a graphic editing program.
Crop
Brightness
Contrast
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To crop an image means to cut away, or trim, the
image.
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Refers to the lightness and darkness of a color.
Also referred to as tone or value.
Original Image Increased Brightness
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Contrast is the difference in visual properties
that makes an object (or its representation in an
image) distinguishable between other objects
and the background.
Original Image Increased Contrast
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