DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
By Vaibhav Rai
Data and Information
 Data is a collection of facts.
  Information is how you understand those facts in context.
 Data is unorganized, while information is structured or
organized.
 Information is an uncountable noun, while data is a mass
noun.
 Data is not typically useful on its own, but the information
is.
Concept of Database
 A database is an organized collection of structured
information, or data, typically stored electronically in a
computer system.
 A database is usually controlled by a database
management system (DBMS).
Features Of Database SYSTEM

• Self-describing nature of a database system. ...

• Insulation between program and data. ...
• Support for multiple views of data. ...
• Sharing of data and multiuser system. ...
• Control of data redundancy. ...
• Data sharing. ...
• Enforcement of integrity constraints. ...
• Restriction of unauthorized access.
Concept of Relational Database

 A relational database organizes data into tables that can be linked—or related

—based on data common to each.
 This capability enables you to
retrieve an entirely new table
from data in one or more tables
with a single query.
Database Server

 Database servers are networked computers on a network dedicated to

database storage and data retrieval from the database.
 The database server is a key component in a client/server computing
environment.
 It holds the database management system (DBMS) and the databases.
KEYS
 A key in DBMS is an attribute or a set of attributes that help to uniquely identify
a tuple (or row) in a relation (or table). Keys are also used to establish
relationships between the different tables and columns of a relational
database. Individual values in a key are called key values.
Advantages of Database System

• Reducing Data Redundancy.

• Sharing of Data. ...
• Data Integrity. ...
• Data Security. ...
• Privacy. ...
• Backup and Recovery. ...
• Data Consistency.
Disadvantages of Database System

• High Cost
• Huge Size. ...
• Database Failure. ...
• Complexity. ...
• Increased Staff Cost. ...
• Requirement of Technical Staff. ...
• Cost of Data Conversion. ...
• Performance.
Structure of Database System

 Database structure: the building blocks of a database

Within a database, related data are grouped into tables, each of which consists
of rows (also called tuples) and columns, like a spreadsheet.
RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (RDBMS)
 An RDBMS is a type of database management system (DBMS) that stores
data in a row-based table structure which connects related data elements.
 An RDBMS includes functions that maintain the security, accuracy, integrity
and consistency of the data.
 This is different than the file storage used in
a DBMS.
CREATE AND EDIT TABLE USING WIZARD AND SQL
COMMANDS

 Database Objects
• Table
• Queries
• Forms
• Reports
DATA TYPES
 Numeric Data Types
 String Data Types
 Date and Time Data Types
 Binary Data Types
MANIPULATING DATA
 The SQL data manipulation language (DML) is used to query and modify
database data.
 In this chapter, we will describe how to use the SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and
DELETE SQL DML command statements, defined below. In the SQL DML
statement: Each clause in a statement should begin on a new line.
In a database to define the structure of the data
and to manipulate data certain commands are
used. These are:
• Data Definition Language (DDL): Data Definition Language (or DDL) includes those
SQL statements that create and drop locations, databases and database objects
such as tables and indexes. DDL also includes statements to alter database
objects and impose integrity constraints on tables.
• Data Manipulating Languages (DML): A data manipulation language (DML) is a
family of computer languages including commands permitting users to
manipulate data in a database. This manipulation involves inserting data into
database tables, retrieving existing data, deleting data from existing tables and
modifying existing data.
• DML consists of:
o Retrieving Data(SELECT Command)
o Inserting Data(INSERT Command)
o Deleting Data(DELETE Command)
o Modification(UPDATE Command)
OPEN OFFICE BASE-INTRODUCTION

 Base is a fully-featured desktop

database management system,
designed to meet the needs of a
broad array of users, from tracking
a personal CD collection, to
producing corporate monthly
departmental sales reports.
Referential Integrity

 Referential integrity refers to the relationship between tables. Because each

table in a database must have a primary key, this primary key can appear in
other tables because of its relationship to data within those tables. When a
primary key from one table appears in another table, it is called a foreign key.
Database Query
 A database query is a similar action that is most closely associated with some
sort of CRUD (create, read, update, delete) function.
 A database query is a request to access data from a database to manipulate it
or retrieve it.
 This allows us to perform logic with the information we get in response to the
query.