UNIT 5 CONVEYING SYSTEMS

ESCALATORS
 ESCALATORS

Name Escalator derived from the word ‘scala’ which

Is latin for steps and word elevator which had already
Been invented.

Charles D. Seeberger (May 14, 1857 – September 13

1931) was an American inventor. In 1899, he joined
the Otis Elevator Company. The Seeberger-Otis
partnership produced the first step-type escalator made
Charles Seeberger for public use, and it was installed at the Paris Exhibition
of 1900, where it won first prize. Mr. Seeberger
eventually sold his patent rights to Otis in 1910.
What is an escalator
An escalator is a conveyor type transport device that
moves people.

It is a moving staircase with steps that move

up or down using a conveyor belt.
Purpose of an escalator

Used in high density areas or where sudden traffic

surges are expected at times; for example at discharge
times from offices, railways underground stations,
airport terminals, theatres, shopping malls and
departmental stores

Escalators will provide shorter travel time than

elevators because elevator cars are limited in size and
passengers have to wait longer for the service.

Offers better option to look around and feel space.

 TYPES OF ESCALATORS ARRANGEMETS

Single unit

Continuous arrangement ( One direction)

 Interrupted arrangement(One travel direction)

Multi level parallel arrangement.

(Interrupted traffic, two travel direction.)
Multi-level crossed arrangement or criss cross
arrangement
(Interrupted traffic, two travel direction)
PARTS OF AN ESCALATOR
 Balustrade
The side of an escalator extending above the
Steps, which includes Skirt Guard, Interior
Panel, Deck Board and Moving Handrails

Moving Handrail

A handhold that moves along the top of the

Balustrade in synchronization with the Steps.
Interior Panel
The major panel portion of the Balustrade
located immediately below the Moving
Handrails, made of glass.
Deck Board
A decorative capping member of the
balustrade of an escalator, which
continues in the traveling direction
Skirt Guard The lowest panel within the Balustrade, locat
immediately below the Inner Deck and
adjacent to the Steps at a slight gap from the
 Moving handrail
Operating speed
< 0.35 M/S

Interior panel
(Glass or stainless steel)
Glass thk: 6MM

Truss:
Structural steel that
Supports weight and load
Of escalator
 Top machine room

Bottom machine room

Control panel:
Controls stop/start operation and also supplies electric power to the Drive Unit.
Drive Unit:
A unit to drive the escalator, comprised of electric motor, decelerator,
electromagnetic brake, V belt, Sprocket, and other components.
DriveChain:
A chain that transmits the Drive Unit's power to the drive wheel.
Sprocket:
Drive wheels installed at top and bottom to drive the Steps. The top
Sprocket drives the moving Steps, while the bottom sprocket turns the Steps.
Step:
The moving platform on which escalator passengers
ride.
Step Tread:
The part of the step where a passenger stands.
Riser:
The upright part of a Step.
Step demarcation line:
A yellow line along both sides of a Step to demarcate the proper
standing area, thereby preventing passengers from coming into contact
with the Skirt Guard and stumbling.
Driving roller/Trailing roller:
Each Step is linked to the Step Chains via the Stepshaft and the wheels. The front wheel is
called the Driving Roller and the rear wheel is called the Trailing Roller.
Step Chain:
A chain, located on both sides of an escalator, connecting the Steps and
driven by the Step Chain Sprocket.
 Floor Plate:
A removable steel plate finished with anti-slip patterns, typically situated
above the escalator trusswork at the boarding and landing areas.
Comb Plate:
A section or steel plate with teeth that mesh with the Step cleats at
the boarding and landing areas, to prevent fingers, feet or foreign
objects from getting caught between the moving Steps and Floor
Plate
Round Light:
A round light installed on the Interior Panel at the boarding an landing areas.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF AN ESCALATOR

A.C current motor

Torque produced by
Motor transferred
to drive chain

Step chain coupled

to main drive chain
which helps in
pulling of steps.
DESIGN STANDARDS
An inclination of 35 degree is not permissible with rise of more than 6M
PLANNING PARAMETERS
SPEED:

0.5 m/s
Optimal speed for escalator in
Commercial establishments.

0.6 or 0.65 m/s

Speed recommended for
Intermittent passenger travel
At railway stations or sub way
Stations.

0.75 m/s
Speeds of 0.75 m/s is possibe
But not recommended as effective
Transportation.
 For moving walks that are expected to
have a high traffic volume and that are
Free spaces also designed for transporting shopping
and baggage carts, the free spaces
should have a length of at least 5 m.
To ensure safe use of the escalators and
moving walks, sufficiently large free spaces
must be provided at the upper and lower
landings.

Balustrade Height
Balustrades are available in heights of
900,1000 and 1100 mm. The advantage
of 900-mm balustrades is that even
small children can easily reach the
handrail.
Over Head clearence

The free overhead clearance at every point

along the step/pallet band must be at least 2.3
m.

Safety clearence
Protective barriers, ceiling
The horizontal clearance from the outer edge
deflectors, wedging guards
of the handrail to the walls or other obstacles
must always be at least 80 mm.
With escalators and moving walks
arranged in a crisscross pattern or with
floor openings, there is a risk of
wedging between balustrades and
adjacent escalator/moving walk bodies
or ceilings and columns. If the distance
between the center of the handrail and
the obstacle is less than 0.5 m,
wedging guards or ceiling deflectors
are to be provided by the customers.
Railings provided by
customers:
Railings are to be fitted by the customer
at the accesses to the escalators and
moving walks. The distance to the
handrail of the escalator/moving walk
must be at least 80 mm. It is
recommended to provide the support for
the escalator/moving walk
at least 1000 mm away from the ceiling
edge, so that the balustrade does not
have to be extended.
TRAVELATORS
MECHANISM:
DIMENSIONS: Standard layout of horizontal type travelator
Dimensions: Standard layout for inclined type
LIFTS
PASSENGER LIFT PLANS WITH DIMENSIONS SOURCE : OTIS
OTIS Gen 2 machine room elevator

CW : Car width inside.

CD : Inside car depth
HW : Hoistway Width
HD : Hoistway Depth
Source : OTIS
 OTIS Gen 2 machine room less elevator

CW : Car width inside.

CD : Inside car depth
HW : Hoistway Width
HD : Hoistway Depth

PLAN

ELEVATION
GOODS LIFT
CAPSULE LIFT

 Capsule Elevators act as Architectural highlights on prestigious

buildings. 

Their design, features and infinite options add its optimum travel

comfort. 

They have aesthetically attractive interiors with large glass

viewing panel.
 ELEVATOR PLANNING
GROUPING OF ELEVATORS
 The lifts should be positioned to:
Minimize the walking distance between cars and hence the time taken to
load passengers which will then improve overall quality of service.

 For a two lift group: side by side positioning is the most efficient but also
the option having the lifts positioned opposite one another is also an efficient
arrangement.
Deciding The Layout

 Elevator layout has great influences on building's functionality. Thus, the elevator
must be installed in such a way that it is easy to use without affecting the performance

Recommend the examples of elevator layout

1.Position the elevator so that any part of the floor can be reached with little
walking, with a focus on lines of movement for traffic.

2.When installing several elevator groups, concentrate each group in a single

location.

3.When lining elevators in a row, keep the number of elevators to no more than
4, with at most 8 meters between the elevators on each end.

4.If more than 4 elevators are installed, place them on facing sides of a hallway,
with 3.5 to 4.5 meters between them.

5.It must be possible to see all elevators from anywhere in the hall. Avoid
constructions with pillars in the elevator hall, and layouts with recessed elevator
car entrances.

6.The elevator hall must be large enough that passengers do not spill out even
during peak hours. In general, plan the elevator hall large enough to hold about
1/2 the combined maximum capacity of the cars (about 0.5 to 0.8 m2 are
required per passenger).
REFERENCES

http://www.mitsubishielectric.com/elevator/overview/e_m_walks/
e_s_equipment.html#a1

http://buckylab.blogspot.com/2012/11/how-it-works-escalators.html

https://www.kone.us/Images/KONE-Escalator-AutoWalk-Planning-
Guide_tcm25-18783.pdf