C++-

TYPE CONVERSION
• Consider the following statements

float weight;

int age;

weight = age;
• The feature of the compiler that performs data conversion
without user intervention is known as implicit type conversion.
 TYPE CONVERSION
• The compiler can be instructed explicitly to
perform type conversion using the type-
conversion operators known as typecast
operator.
• weight = (float) age;
 TYPE CONVERSION
#include <iostream>
void main()
{
int a;
float b = 420.5;
cout << “int(10.4) = ” << int( 10.4 ) << endl;
cout << “int(10.99) = ” << int( 10.99 ) << endl;
cout << “b = ” << b << endl;
a = int( b );
int(10.4) = 10
cout << “a = int(b) = ” << a << endl;
int(10.99) = 10
b = float( a ) + 1.5;
b = 420.5
cout << “b = float(a)+1.5 = ” << b;
a = int(b) = 420
}
b = float(a)+1.5 = 421.5
 STRING MANIPULATIONS
• strlen() returns the length of a given string

#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char s1[25];
cout << “Enter your name: ”;
cin >> s1;
cout << “strlen( s1 ): ” << strlen(sl) << endl;
}
 STRING MANIPULATIONS
• strcpy() copies the contents of one string to another

#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char s1[25], s2[25];
cout << “Enter a string: ”;
cin >> s1;
strcpy( s2, s1 );
cout << “strcpyt s2, s1 ): ” << s2;
}
 String Concatenation
• strcat() concatenates two strings resulting in a single string
#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char s1[40], s2[25];
cout << “Enter string s1: ”;
cin >> s1;
cout << “Enter string s2: ”;
cin >> s2;
strcat( s1, s2 );
cout << “strcat( s1, s2 ): ” << s1;
}
 String Comparison
• strcmp() compares two strings, character by
character.
• < 0 if the first string is less than the second
• = = 0 if both are identical
• > 0 if the first string is greater than the second
 String Comparison
#include <iostream.h> cout << “strcmp( s1, s2 ): ”;
#include <string.h> if( status == 0 )
void main() cout << s1 << “ is equal to ” << s2;
{ else
char s1[25], s2[25]; if( status > 0 )
cout << “Enter string s1: ”; cout << s1 << “ is greater than ”
cin >> s1; << s2;
cout << “Enter string s2: ”; else
cin >> s2; cout << s1 << “ is less than ” <<
Enter string s1: Computer
int status = strcmp( s1, s2 ); s2; Enter string s2: Computing
} strcmp( s1, s2 ): Computer is less t
Computing
 String to Upper/Lower Case
• The functions strlwr() and strupr() convert a string to lower case and

upper case respectively and return the address of the converted string.
#include <iostream.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char s1[25], temp[25];
cout << “Enter a string: ”;
cin >> s1;
strcpy( temp, s1 );
cout << “strupr( temp ): ” << strupr( temp ) << endl;
cout << “strlwr( temp ): ” << strlwr( temp ) << endl;
}
 ARRAYS OF STRINGS
• An array of strings is a two-dimensional array
of characters and is defined as follows:
• char array-name[row_size] [column_size];
 ARRAYS OF STRINGS
• char person[10][15];
 ARRAYS OF STRINGS
#include <iostream.h> cout <<”--------------------------------------------------------\n”;
#include <string.h> for( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
const int LEN = 15; {
void main () cout.width( 2 );
{ cout << i+1;
int i, n; cout.width( LEN );
char person[10][LEN]; cout << person[i] << “ ”;
cout << ”How many persons ? ”; cout.width( 2 );
cin >> n; cout << strlen( person[i] ) << “ ”;
for( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) cout.width( LEN );
{ cout << strlwr(person[i]);
cout << ”Enter person” << i+1 << ” name: ”; cout.width( LEN );
cin >> person[i]; cout << strupr(person[i]) << endl;
} }
cout <<”--------------------------------------------------------\n”; Cout <<“---------------------------------------------------------\n”;
cout << “P# Person Name Length In lower case In }
UPPER case\n”;
 Random Number
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i; //loop counter
int num; //store random number

for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
num=rand()%100; //get random number
cout << num << "\t";
}
return 0;
}