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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
PUMP
20 October 2005
Value
Value Moment
Moment
20 October 2005
Value Moment
Definition
Pumps are machines which provide the energy
required to transfer liquids from one point to
another.
Due to the incompressibility of liquids, which
holds true for all practical purposes, all energy
imparted to a liquid by the pumping action
tends to put it in motion.
Classification
Centrifugal
Positive Displacement
Rotary pump
- Impeller
- Shaft
Stationary
- Casing
- Suction and Discharge Nozzle
- Seal Chamber and Stuffing Box
- Bearing Housing
Working Mechanism
Working Mechanism
Its purpose is to convert energy of a prime
mover (electric motor or turbine) first into
velocity or kinetic energy and then into
pressure energy of a fluid that is being
pumped.
The energy changes occur by virtue of two
main parts of the pump, the impeller and the
volute or diffuser.
The impeller is the rotating part that converts
driver energy into the kinetic energy.
The volute or diffuser is the stationary part that
converts the kinetic energy into pressure
energy.
Codes and Standards
API 610, “Centrifugal Pump for Petroleum, Heavy
Duty Chemical and Gas Industries Services”
API 682, “Shaft Sealing System for Centrifugal and
Rotary Pump”
What is Important ?
Capacity
Head
NPSH
Power
- BHP (Break Horse Power)
- BEP (Best Efficiency Point)
Specific Speed
Performance Curve
Capacity vs pressure variation graph for a
particular pump
The supplier try to match the system curve
supplied by the user with a pump curve that
satisfies these needs as closely as possible.
A pumping system operates where the pump
curve and the system resistance curve
intersect. The intersection of the two curves
defines the operating point of both pump and
process.
Performance Curve (con’t)
Project
Specification
Datasheet
TBE
Brochure
Thank
Thank You
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20 October 2005
Impeller
The impeller is the main rotating part that provides
the centrifugal acceleration to the fluid.
Classification :
Based on major direction of flow in reference to
the axis of rotation :
Radial flow ; Axial flow ; Mixed flow
Shaft sleeve
Pump shafts are usually protected from erosion, corrosion, and
wear at the seal chambers, leakage joints, internal bearings, and in
the waterways by renewable sleeves.
One of the main purpose of a volute casing is to help balance the
hydraulic pressure on the shaft of the pump.
Casing
The impellers are fitted inside the casings.
Circular
Volute casing build a higher head ; circular casings are used for low
head and high capacity.
Conventionally, the diffusers are applied to multi-stage pumps.
The casings can be designed either as solid casings or split casings.
Suction and Discharge Nozzle
The suction and discharge nozzles are part of the
casings itself.
Configurations :
Side suction/top discharge
Suction nozzle is located at the end of, and concentric to, the shaft
while the discharge nozzle is located at the top of the case
perpendicular to the shaft
This pump is always of an overhung type .
The suction and discharge nozzles are located at the top of the
case perpendicular to the shaft.
Seal Chamber and Stuffing Box
BHP or
thepump
The work
BEP, input,
capacity
performedat the actual
pumphorsepower
maximum
by a impeller delivered
is a function
diameter
of the to the
at total
which pump
head
the and
shaft.
the weightisofhighest.
efficiency the liquid pumped in a given time period.
Specific Speed
Non-dimensional design index that identifies
the geometric similarity of pumps.
Used to classify pump impellers as to their type
and proportions.
Mechanical Seal
A device used to prevent shaft leakage by
means of two sealing surfaces, one stationary
and the other rotating in close contact with it.
API 682, “Shaft Sealing System for Centrifugal
and Rotary Pump”
Summary