HOUSING STOCK, AMENITIES &

ASSETS IN SLUMS - CENSUS 2011

Dr C. CHANDRAMOULI
REGISTRAR GENERAL &
CENSUS COMMISSIONER,
INDIA
A Slum in Delhi
Definition of a Slum

A Slum, for the purpose of Census has been

defined as residential areas where dwellings are
unfit for human habitation by reasons of
dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements
and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty
arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or
sanitation facilities or any combination of these
factors which are detrimental to the safety and
health.
Identification of Slums in Census

• For the purpose of Census, slums have been

categorized and defined as of the following three
types:
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
Identification of Slums

• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums

All notified areas in a town or city

notified as ‘Slum’ by State, UT
Administration or Local Government
under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’
Identification of Slums

• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums

All areas recognised as ‘Slum’ by State, UT

Administration or Local Government, Housing
and Slum Boards, which may have not been
formally notified as slum under any act
Identification of Slums

• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums

A compact area of at least 300 population or

about 60-70 households of poorly built
congested tenements, in unhygienic
environment usually with inadequate
infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and
drinking water facilities (Identified).
Data on Slum from Census

• It is for the first time in Census that datasets on Housing

stock, Amenities and Assets based on the Houselisting
and Housing Census are being released
• In Census 2001, information on Slums were released
only on demographic characteristics based on the
Population Enumeration. For this purpose, Slum Blocks
were identified in Statutory Towns having a population of
20, 000 by the local authorities at the time of Population
Enumeration phase
• In Census 2011, Slum Blocks have been delineated in
all statutory towns irrespective of population size
Census 2011
Results
Towns Reporting Slums
India : Census 2011

• Out of 4,041 Statutory Towns

in Census 2011 Slums
reported from 2,543 Towns
(63%)
• Total Slum Enumeration
Blocks (SEBs) in Census
2011 is about 1.08 lakh in the
country
• Largest number of Slum EBs
reported from Maharashtra
(21,359)
Number of Slum Blocks by Type of
Slums – India : Census 2011

• Notified Slums 37,072

• Recognised Slums 30,846

• Identified Slums40,309

Total: 1,08,227 Blocks

 Households by Type of Slums –
India : Census 2011

• Notified Slums 49.65 lakh HH

• Recognised Slums 37.96 lakh HH

• Identified Slums49.88 lakh HH

Total: 137.49 lakh HH

 Slum & Non-Slum Households
– India 2011
Number of
Indicator
households
(in lakh)
Total (Urban) 789
Slum 137
Non-Slum 652
Number of households (in %)
Slum 17.4
Non-Slum 82.6
 Number of Slum Households in
Million Plus Cities
Indicator Number

Number of Slum Households (in lakh)

Total (Slum) 137
Slum in Million Plus Cities 52
Slum in other Cities 85
Number of Slum Households (in %)
Slum in Million Plus Cities 38.1
Slum in other Cities 61.9

38 % of the slum households are in 46 million plus cities

 Top/Bottom 5 States Reporting
Slum Households

Top 5 States
Proportion of Slum
State HHs to Urban HHs
(%) Bottom 5 States
Andhra Pradesh 35.7 Proportion of
State Slum HHs to
Chhattisgarh 31.9 Urban HHs (%)
Madhya Pradesh 28.3 Chandigarh# 9.7
Odisha 23.1 Gujarat 6.7
West Bengal 21.9 Jharkhand 5.3
Assam 4.8
Kerala 1.5
Percentage
of Slum
HHs to
Total Urban
HHs
 Proportion of Slum Households in
Metros - 2011

Proportion of Slum
Million Plus Cities HHs to Total Urban
HHs (%)

Greater Mumbai (M Corp.) 41.3

Kolkata (M Corp.) 29.6
Chennai (M Corp.) 28.5
Delhi Municipal Corp (U) 14.6
BBMP (M Corp.) 8.5
 Million Plus Cities with High
Proportion of Slum HHs (Top 10 only) -
2011
Proportion of Slum HHs to
Million Plus Cities
Total Urban HHs (%)

1. Greater Visakhapatnam M Corp. 44.1

2. Jabalpur Cantt (CB) 43.3
3. Greater Mumbai (M Corp.) 41.3
4. Vijayawada (M Corp.) 40.6
5. Meerut (M Corp.) 40.0
6. Raipur (M Corp.) 39.0
7. Nagpur (M Corp.) 34.3
8. Greater Hyderabad M Corp. (GHMC) 31.9
9. Kota (M Corp.) 31.8
10. Agra (M Corp.) 29.8
 Use of Occupied Census Houses
India : 2011
INDIA (Absolute numbers in lakh)
Use of Census House Urban Slum
Total Occupies Census Houses 990 160
Residence 761 133
Residence-cum-other use 24 3.9
Shop/Office 107 10.8
School/College, etc 4 0.5
Hotel/Lodge/Guest House 4 0.4
Hospital/ Dispensary, etc 3 0.3
Factory/ Workshop, etc 15 2
Place of worship 6 0.9
Other non-residential use 59 8
Locked Census Houses 7 1
 Use of Occupied Census Houses
India : 2011
INDIA (in %)
Use of Census House Urban Slum
Total Occupies Census Houses 100.0 100.0
Residence 76.9 82.5
Residence-cum-other use 2.4 2.4
Shop/Office 10.8 6.7
School/College, etc 0.4 0.3
Hotel/Lodge/Guest House 0.4 0.2
Hospital/ Dispensary, etc 0.3 0.2
Factory/ Workshop, etc 1.5 1.2
Place of worship 0.6 0.6
Other non-residential use 6.0 5.1
Locked Census House 0.7 0.6
A Lane in a Slum
Households by Type of Census Houses –
India

HHs (in %)

Type Urban Slum

Permanent 84.3 77.7

Semi-permanent 11.6 16.0
Temporary 3.2 5.3
Any other 0.9 1.0
 Slum
Households
by Structure
of Census
Houses
(Permanent)
View of a Slum in Delhi
 Households by Number of Room – India

HHs (in %)

Number of Room Urban Slum

No exclusive room 3.1 4.4

One room 32.1 44.8
Two room 30.6 29.5
Three room 18.4 12.3
Four room 9.3 5.4
Five rooms and above 6.5 3.5
 Households by Household Size– India
HHs (in %)

Household Size Urban Slum

1 member 3.6 3.7

2 members 9.5 9.5
3 members 15.9 14.9
4 members 26.4 25.1
5 members 18.5 19.4
6 to 8 members 20.6 22.2
9 and above members 5.4 5.2
Households by Number of Married Couples
– India
HHs (in %)

Number of married couples Urban Slum

None 12.7 13.6

1 71.1 72.1
2 12.6 11.3
3 2.8 2.4
4 0.6 0.5
5 and above 0.2 0.1
 Households by Ownership Status – India

HHs (in %)
Ownership Status of Census House Urban Slum

Owned 69.2 70.2

Rented 27.5 26.3
Others 3.3 3.5
 Source of Drinking Water – India
HHs (in %)

Source of drinking water Urban Slum

1. Tap 70.6 74.0

From treated source 62.0 65.3
From untreated source 8.6 8.7
2. Well 6.2 3.0
3. Hand pump 11.9 12.7
4. Tube well / Borehole 8.9 7.6
5. Other sources 2.5 2.8
Waiting for Water Supply
 Location of Drinking Water Source– India

HHs (in %)

Location Urban Slum

1. Within premises 71.2 56.7

2. Outside premises 28.8 43.3
 Slum HHs by
Location
Drinking Water
Source (Within
premises)
 Source of Lighting– India

HHs (in %)
Source of lighting Urban Slum

1. Electricity 92.7 90.5

2. Kerosene 6.5 8.2
3. Solar 0.2 0.3
4. Other oil 0.1 0.2
5. Any other 0.2 0.2
6. No lighting 0.3 0.5
Slum HHs by
Fuel Used for
Cooking
(LPG/PNG)
Availability of Bathing Facility within Premises - India

HHs (in %)

Bathing Facility Urban Slum

1. Have facility 87.0 81.0

(a) Bathroom 77.5 66.6

(b) Enclosure without roof 9.5 14.5

2. Does not have facility 13.0 19.0

 Drainage Connectivity for Waste Water
Outlet– India

HHs (in %)

Drainage connectivity Urban Slum

1. Closed drainage 44.5 36.9

2. Open drainage 37.3 44.3
3. No drainage 18.2 18.8
 Type of Latrine Facility– India
HHs (in %)

Type of latrine Urban Slum

1. Latrine within the premises 81.4 66.0

(a) Water closet 72.6 57.7
(b) Pit latrine 7.1 6.2
© Other latrine 1.7 2.2
2. No latrine within premises 18.6 34.0
(a) Public latrine 6.0 15.1
(b) Open 12.6 18.9
 Availability of Kitchen– India
HHs (in %)

Availability of kitchen Urban Slum

Total 100.0 100.0

1. Cooking inside house: 95.8 94.1
(a) Has kitchen 77.8 65.3
(b) Does not have kitchen 18.0 28.8
2. Cooking outside house 3.7 5.4
(a) Has kitchen 1.6 2.0
(b) Does not have kitchen 2.0 3.4
3. No cooking 0.5 0.5
 Fuel used for Cooking– India
HHs (in %)

Fuel used for cooking Urban Slum

1. Fire-wood 20.1 25.8
2. Crop residue 1.4 1.6
3. Cow dung cake 1.7 2.1
4. Coal, Lignite, Charcoal 2.9 3.9
5. Kerosene 7.5 14.0
6. LPG/ PNG 65.0 51.3
7. Electricity 0.1 0.1
8. Biogas 0.4 0.5
9. Any other 0.2 0.3
10. No cooking 0.5 0.5
 Households Availing Banking Services–
India

HHs (in %)
Availing Banking Services Urban Slum

1. Availing 67.8 53.2

2. Not availing 32.2 46.8
 Household Possessing Various Assets –
India
HHs (in %)

Asset Urban Slum

1. Radio/Transistor 25.3 18.7

2. Television 76.7 69.6

3. Computer 18.7 10.4

With Internet 8.3 3.3
Without Internet 10.4 7.1
 Household Possessing Various Assets–
India
HHs (in %)
Asset Urban Slum

5. Telephone 82.0 72.7

Landline only 5.9 4.4
Mobile only 64.3 63.5
Both 11.7 4.8
6. Bicycle 41.9 40.2
7. Scooter/Motor Cycle/Moped 35.2 22.0
8. Car/Jeep/Van 9.7 3.6

9. None of the specified assets 7.0 10.7

63.5% HHs in
Slums in India
has Mobile
 Slum HHs
Having None
of the
Specified
Assets
Life in a Slum
Life in a Slum
For more details visit:
censusindia.gov.in

THANK YOU