Social Responsibilities

Principles of,
barriers
To
effective
communications

2
 WHAT IS
COMMUNICATION??
 Communication is an integral instinct of all living things.
 At its simplest, communication is any exchange
of information between two entities.
 It can be observed to take place at the cellular level
between microorganisms, and on a larger scale between
members of a herd evading a predator.
 As modern humans living in a busy world, we rely on
good communication every day to make our way through
life.
Every interaction we have with another person, from a
raised eyebrow in a busy checkout lane, to an obscene
gesture at another motorist in traffic, to the simple wave
to ayour
is formfamily
of as you pull out of the driveway in the 12
9
morning,
communication..
• Good communication is the most essential
element of safety and pollution prevention
on board.

• People crew co-operation can

and
achieved by effective
be communication.

• Effective communication is the

basic element for human survival.
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0
FOUR TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
Communication
comes in four basic
types:

1. Verbal
Communication
2.Non Verbal
Communication 131
3.Written Communication
4.Visual Communication
1. VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
 This mode of communication relies on words to convey
a message.
 This is the standard method of communicating that most
of us use on a day-to-day basis, though we rarely use it
without augmenting it with one of the other
communication types.
 Other cues people use while communicating verbally
include, tone, gestures, and body language. Verbal
communication helps in expressing thoughts, emotions
and sentiments.
 A phone conversation, chat with a friend, an
announcement made, or a speech delivered are all verbal
132
forms of communication.
2. NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
 Non-verbal communication is a process of
communica ion without using words ors
t sound communication uses.
 Non-verbal gestures, bod cial expressions, eyey
language, facontact, cloth other cues toing, tone
of voice, andconvey a message. L ion, thisike verbal
method of communicati ng is
communica edrarely
like a
t used communication could be considerle flavor.
alone. when communicating to add a litthen
 Non-verbal
speaking to help makeeyebrows
aise your a point, or shake your finger
emphatically
at your
spice we child
w when you’re angry. These are all non-
verbal
use Youcues that help convey a message.
might r 13
3
.WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION

 Written communication is
the medium through which
the message of the sender is
conveyed with the help of
written words.
 Letters, personal journals,
e- mails, reports, articles,
and memos are some forms
of written communication.
 Unlike some other forms of
communication, written
messages can be edited and rectified before they are
sent to the receiver, thereby making written
communication
communicatio an indispensable part of informal and 13
4
formal
n
4. VISUAL
COMMUNICATION
 This form of communication involves the visual display of
information, wherein the message is understood or
expressed with the help of visual aids.
 For example, topography, photography, signs, symbols, maps,
colors, posters, banners and designs help the viewer
understand the message visually.
 Movies and plays, television shows and video clips are
all electronic form of visual communication.
 Visual communication also involves the transfer of
information in the form of text, which is received through
an electronic medium such as a computer, phone, etc. Icons
and emoticons are a form of visual communication. When
these icons are used in a public place, phone or computer,
instruct the user about their meaning and
they 13
5
usage.
 BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
1. Language Barriers
 Clearly, language and linguistic ability may act as
a barrier to communication.
 However, even when communicating in the same
language, the terminology used in a message may act
as a barrier if it is not fully understood by the
receiver(s).
 For example, a message that includes a lot of
specialist jargon and abbreviations will not be
understood by a receiver who is not familiar with the
terminology used. As nurses, we are especially prone
to making this mistake.
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6
2. PSYCHOLOGICAL
BARRIERS
 The psychological state of the receiver will influence
how the message is received.
 For example, if someone has personal worries and is
stressed, they may be preoccupied by personal concerns
and not as receptive to the message as if they were not
stressed.
 Stress management is an important personal skill that
affects our interpersonal relationships. Anger is another
example of a psychological barrier to communication.
When we are angry it is easy to say things that we
may later regret and also to misinterpret what others
are saying.
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2. PHYSIOLOGICAL
BARRIERS
• Physiological barriers may result from the
receiver’s physical state. For example, a
receiver with reduced hearing may not
grasp the entirety of a spoken conversation,
especially if there is significant background
noise.

138
3 . PHYSICAL
BARRIERS
 An example of a physical barrier to communication
is geographic distance between the sender and
receiver(s).Communication is generally easier over
shorter distances as more communication
channels are available and less technology is
required.
 Although modern technology often serves to
reduce the impact of physical barriers, the
advantages and disadvantages of each
communication channel should be understood
so that an appropriate channel can be used to
overcome the physical barriers. 139
4. ATTITUDINAL
BARRIERS
 Attitudinal barriers are behaviors or
perceptions that prevent people
from communicating effectively.
 Attitudinal barriers to communication may
result from personality conflicts, poor
management, resistance to change, or a lack
of motivation.
 Effective receivers of messages should
attempt to overcome their own attitudinal
barriers to facilitate effective
communication. 14
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 OVERCOMING
BARRIERS
• Active Listening
 means, as its name suggests, actively listening. That is fully
concentrating on what is being said rather than just
‘hearing’ the message of the speaker.
• Use Simple Language
 It’s important to remember the audience that you’re
speaking to, and use language that can be easily understood.
Avoid using medical terminology or jargon when speaking
to clients and their families.
• Give Constructive Feedback
 Remember that feedback was part of the communication
chain we looked at on the first page. While the feedback
that you give the speaker/sender may occasionally be
negative, it is important that it be constructive in nature.
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 EFFECTS AND CONSEQUENCES
OF WRONG
COMMUNICATION
• communication can affect safety of life, property and
the environment.

• it causes human problems and problems in relationships

on board.

• improper communication causes stress, loss of time,

loss of resources and even ship's profitability.

16
 'COMMUNICATION' HAS
BEEN DERIVED FROM THE
LATIN WORD 'COMMUNIS'
THAT MEANS 'COMMON'.

17
 Competence:
Contribute to effective
human relationship
on board ship

18
Importance of
maintaining
Good Human
and Working
Relationship
s
on board19
Good relationships among the crew members
make the life onboard more comfortable,
healthy and happy and less prone to accidents
or hazardous situations. Ships with individual
differences of crew members (lack of
togetherness) will bring the whole ship in a
very dangerous atmosphere.

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 BEST RELATIONSHIP
ONBOARD CAN BE
OBTAINED BY;
a.Everybody onboard must adhere to the company
policies. All must follow what is provided in the SMS
and other company policies and instructions.
b.. All crew members must perform their respective
duties and responsibilities assigned by the shipboard
management.
c.. If a crew cannot understand or perform his duties
and responsibilities the crew must ask his shipmates.
Avoid pretending to know everything. Always clarify
your doubts.

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D . ALL CREW MUST FOLLOW THE FLOW OF
COMMAND OR AUTHORITY. RATINGS MUST
FOLLOW THE ORDERS OF THEIR OFFICERS
AND OFFICERS MUST TEACH THEIR
SUBORDINATES OF THEIR DUTIES AND
RESPONSIBILITIES.
e . All crew must understand the importance of:
1. Individual needs (computer, clothes, necessities etc.)
2. Social needs (television, video players, chessboards
etc.)
3. Ship’s needs (provisions, spare parts, mooring lines
etc.)
4. Company needs. (Manning crew, charterers etc.) 22
f. Everybody onboard must respect each other
individually setting aside the position you are
engaged whether you are an officer or rating,
age, culture (place of origin), color, religion etc.

g. One of the things to enhance interpersonal

relationship is to have an open communication.
During meetings (tool box or general) suggestions,
complaints, observations etc. must be brought out
and be rectified if needed. Everybody must involved
him/herself if needed whether off or on duty.
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h. Interpersonal relationship can always be
improved continuously by:
a. Introducing yourself (especially if
new onboard) learning
and understanding
the flow of togetherness;
b. Commitment to duties/responsibilities
specially the officers.
c. Accepting mistakes and learn
improvements,
d. Fairness in dealing with others in appraisals
and or reporting
e. Self discipline in all. manners onboard 15
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151
TEAM
WORK

TeamworkDefinition

 “Working together in an organized

and cooperative effort for the common
good/”.

 “It is a process of developing

integrated cooperative groups”.

152
 requires giving clear
Teamwork
concise information,
and listening, questioning
and receiving feedback that confirms
understanding by others in order
to achieve a commonly
held purpose or goal.

 A team is only as good as the sum of its

parts
153
 REASONS OF
BUILDING A TEAM
1. Built a safety culture
2. Have a common goal
3.Disseminate proper and effective
duties and responsibilities of each
crew
4.Stronger bonding and better
communications between and
among the crew
154
ELEMENTS OF SUCCESSFUL
TEAM
 Harmonious atmosphere
 Shared workload
 Shared responsibility
 Mutual help
 Shared resources
 Reach the goals set
 Conflict resolution is effective

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156
ACHIEVING EFFECTIVE
TEAMWORK
 Captain, Officers/Heads of Departments
must encourage each crew member to
develop a positive team atmosphere;
 This is achieved by building trust
through allowing open two-way
communications. Maintaining a healthy
team spirit is highly conducive to
achieving great results which in turn
leads to an efficiently run vessel
157
GOOD CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL
TEAM MEMBERS
1. Do not isolate yourself
2. Everybody is updated
3.Nobody is perfect. Everybody should
accept mistakes and improvements
4.Do not use your eyes like a horse but should look
in all directions and be involved in the team all
the time observing safety not only for yourself
but safety of others.
5.There should be no pointing of fingers, mistake of
one is the mistake of the team as a whole.

158
BARRIERS TO SUCCESSFUL
TEAMWORK
 Every crew member has both responsibilities
and rights; but barriers can form when:
o Everyone has their own personality
o Everyone has ways of solving problems
from their own experiences

159
 Other barriers include:
o cross cultural differences
o differences in interests
o different beliefs and lifestyles

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 SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITIES

35
Social responsibility
 is an ethical framework and suggests
that an entity, be it an organization
or individual, has an obligation to
act for the benefit of society at large.
 It is a duty of every individual that
needs to perform so as to maintain a
balance between the economy and the
ecosystems

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EACH CREW MEMBER BEARS
A SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY TO
•Himself - In a shipboard environment every crew
member should conduct himself in a dignified
manner. The respect of the other crew members is
earned by the way each person does his best to
contribute to the team effort.

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EACH CREW MEMBER BEARS
A SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY TO
• His colleagues - Treat others as I would have them
treat me. In that way I can expect to be treated with
the same level of esteem.

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EACH CREW
M EM BER
RESPONSIBILITY TO bears a social

• The com pany - In for payment by

return the crew is expected to the
company apply the best efforts
to achieve the most favourable outcomes for the
company.

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EACH CREW MEMBER BEARS
A SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY TO
•The environment - The world can only recover from
past neglect and stay clean if every individual respects
the environment that we all must share.

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RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
CREW
Rights of crew members
1. Rights to his convictions
2. Rights to express his convictions
3.Right to make a request of another as long as
he can appreciate that the other has a right
to say no.
4.Right to clarify communications to enhance
interpersonal relationships.

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RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF
CREW
Crew’s obligation towards employer
1.Discharge duties and responsibilities in fullest
diligence and capacity.
2.Abiding company‘s policies, memorandums,
safety manuals instructions etc.
3.Discharge duties and responsibilities to avoid
any kind of untoward incident that will off-
hire the vessel
4.To fully abide with the contents of the
employment contract.
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EMPLOYMENT
CONDITIONS

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Onboard, the rights and obligations of
Filipino seafarers can be found in the
Standard Em ployment Contract of the
POEA (Philippine Overseas
Employment Administration). In other
words, this document is the primary
guideline that can be used for specific
matters on rights and obligations. Some of
its contents are the following;

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a.Basic pay, overtime and leave pay allotment and
remittances
b. Number of months contract
c. Position onboard, hours of work, overtime etc.
d. Grievance machinery procedures
e.Compensation and benefits for injury or illness
and death
f. Termination due to unseaworthiness,
ship wreck or sale
g.Disciplinary procedures and respective
penalties
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