Alkanes

Prepared by: Mr Gilbert Neah

Alkanes

Physical Properties:
1. Low melting and boiling points.
2. Low density.
3. Insoluble in water.
4. Cannot conduct electricity.
Chemical Properties

Reactivity of alkanes
 Alkanes are generally unreactive. Why?
 Alkanes are also non polar molecules. Why?
Reactions

Combustion of alkanes
1. Complete combustion
2. Incomplete combustion
Substitution of alkanes

Free radical substitution of alkanes

Reagent: Chlorine gas.
Condition: UV light.
Mechanism:
Crude oil

Crude oil is a long carbon chain of hydrocarbon, and it is not useful unless it is
separated into smaller fraction of hydrocarbon.
This can be done by either fractional distillation or cracking.

Fractional distillation- the process in which the long hydrocarbon compound is

separated into smaller fractions of hydrocarbon by their boiling points.
Cracking

 Cracking is a process where large fractions of hydrocarbon is broken down

into smaller fractions mixtures of alkanes and alkenes.
 Types of cracking
1. Thermal cracking
2. Catalytic cracking
Thank you