INTEGRATED

MATHEMATICS
PRESENTATION

Group3
 Measurement
 Measurement is the process of systematically assigning numbers
to objects and their properties to facilitate the use of mathematics
in studying and describing objects and their relationships.
 Measurement Scales
There are four ‘scales’ of measurement:
NOMINAL
ORDINAL
INTERVAL
RATIO
 Nominal Data
Nominal data are those items which are distinguished by a simple
naming system. They are data with no numeric value, such as
profession. The nominal data just name a thing without applying it to an
order related to other numbered items.
 Key Points
Nominal data cannot be quantified.
It also cannot be assigned to any type of order.
“Nominal” scales could simply be called “labels”
Variables that can be coded in only 2 ways (e.g. yes/no or employed/unemployed) are called
binary or dichotomous.
Lowest level of measurement
Examples
 Examples
Example 1. Gender: 1= male; 2 = female
Example 2. Baseball uniform numbers:
- The number provides no insight into the player’s position
Example 3.Eye colour (Blue ,Green ,Brown )
 Gender

Female Male

Variables that have only two responses i.e. Male or Female, are
know as dichotomies .
 Ordinal Data
Ordinal data is data which is placed into some kind of order by their
position on the scale. For example, they may indicate superiority. It is
classified in categories within a variable that have a natural rank order.
However, the distances between the categories are uneven or unknown.
 Key Points
Ordinal data is placed into some kind of order.
Ordinal numbers only show sequence.
We can assign numbers to ordinal data.
We don’t know if the differences between the values are equal
Similarly with nominal data the distance between each category cannot be calculated but the
categories can be ranked above or below each other.
Ordinal Scales are often used to measure attitudes and perception.
Nominal data may be considered dichotomous or categorical.
Examples
 Examples

Customer level of satisfaction: very satisfied , satisfied ,neutral ,dissatisfied ,very dissatisfied.