STARS

A huge ball of gas held together by gravity.

The central core of a star is extremely hot and produces energy.
Some of this energy is released as visible light, which makes
the star glow.
Stars form when clouds of gases (mainly hydrogen) are pulled
together by gravitational forces.
Atomic explosions occur inside stars.
They are so hot inside that they emit heat and light
 STARS
Stars can have planetary systems made up of planets and
satellites.
 STARS
An enormous cloud of gas and dust, a nebula, surrounds the
stars.
 STARS AND THEIR SIZES
Stars can have different sizes.
Some stars are similar in size to the earth, they're called
dwarf-stars.
When stars are bigger than earth, they're called giant-stars.
The Sun is an average star: it’s not hot or cool it’s not large
or small.
 The Sun is larger than 95% of the stars.
 STAR’S MAGNITUDE
On the left-hand map of Canis Major,
dot sizes indicate stars' apparent
magnitudes; the dots match the
brightness’s of the stars as we see them.
The right-hand version indicates the
same stars' absolute magnitudes — how
bright they would appear if they were
all placed at the same distance (32.6
light-years) from Earth. Absolute
magnitude is a measure of true stellar
luminosity.
 COMPOSITION OF STARS
Each star has its own spectrum.
Most stars have a chemical makeup that is similar to the sun, with
hydrogen and helium together making up to 96 to 99.9 % of a star’s
mass.
 How Stars Form?
A nebula is a large cloud of gas and dust spread out over a
large volume of space.
Some nebulas are glowing clouds lit from within by bright
stars.
A star is formed when a contacting cloud of gas and dust
becomes so dense and hot that nuclear fusion begins.
 A star’s fate depends on its mass
A star with a mass
similar to the sun’s will
become a white dwarf.
A star with a mass eight
or more times greater
than the sun’s will either
become a black hole or a
neutron star.
 Birth of a Star: Nebula
Stars are born in a glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust
(mostly hydrogen), called a nebula.
Gravity causes every atom and every bit of dust to pull on
every other one and all move to the center, causing the
protostar to collapse.
 Because the atoms move faster and faster as they fall
toward the center, friction is created as they rub together and
the temperature rises.
 Birth of a Star: Nebula
Heat causes the protostar to glow in with its own light, giving
off even more light than our Sun even though it is not nearly as
hot.
When a temperature of about 27,000,000°F is reached, nuclear
fusion begins. This is the nuclear reaction in which hydrogen
atoms are converted to helium atoms plus energy. This energy
(radiation) production prevents further contraction of the star.
The protostar is now a stable main sequence star which will
remain in this state for about 10 billion years. After that, the
hydrogen fuel is depleted and the star begins to die.