Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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After studying this chapter, students should be able to understand
the following:
Explain Learning
Define Training
LESSON OVERVIEW
• We devote this lecture to explaining the learning and its importance in
improving status of organization; we will also explore scope of Training
and its relationship to organizational change. Next, the Training process
is described along with how Training needs are determined and
objectives established. Then, we look at the numerous Training
methods. Effectiveness of training program depends upon the learning
of trainees so first of all we should see what is meant by learning.
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Learning
• Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior
that results from direct or indirect experience.
• Learning organization: Learning organizations are
firms that recognize the critical importance of
continuous performance-related.
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TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
OBJECTIVES
The principal objective of training and development division is to make
sure the availability of a skilled and willing workforce to an organization.
In addition to that,
There are four other objectives: Individual, Organizational, Functional,
and Societal.
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Importance
• Training is crucial for organizational development and success. It is fruitful to both employers and
employees of an organization. An employee will become more efficient and productive if he is
trained well.
1. Improves Morale of Employees- Training helps the employee to get job security and job
satisfaction. The more satisfied the employee is and the greater is his morale, the more he will
contribute to organizational success and the lesser will be employee absenteeism and turnover.
2. Less Supervision- A well trained employee will be well acquainted with the job and will need less
of supervision. Thus, there will be less wastage of time and efforts.
3. Fewer Accidents- Errors are likely to occur if the employees lack knowledge and skills required for
doing a particular job. The more trained an employee is, the less are the chances of committing
accidents in job and the more proficient the employee becomes.
4. Chances of Promotion- Employees acquire skills and efficiency during training. They become
more eligible for promotion. They become an asset for the organization.
5. Increased Productivity- Training improves efficiency and productivity of employees. Well trained
employees show both quantity and quality performance. There is less wastage of time, money and
resources if employees are properly trained
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Phases of Training
Phase 1: Needs Assessment & Establishing
Objectives
• In order to compete effectively, firms must keep their
employees well trained. The first step in the Training process
is to determine Training needs. The overall purpose of the
assessment phase is to determine if training is needed and,
if so, to provide the information required to design the
training program.
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Establishing Training Objectives
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Determining Training Needs
Following sources can help organization to assess either
there is a need for Training or not.
Self-assessments
Company records
Customer complaints
New Technology
Employee grievances
Interviews with managers
Customer satisfaction surveys
Observation
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2. Person Analysis
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An internship:
• Is on-the-job learning sponsored by an educational
institution as a component of an academic program. The
sponsoring school works with local employers to place
students in positions where they can gain experience related
to their area of study
Job Rotation:
• For the executive, job rotation takes on different
perspectives. The executive is usually not simply going to
another department. In some vertically integrated
organizations, for example, where the supplier is actually
part of same organization or subsidiary, job rotation might be
to the supplier to see how the business operates from the
supplier point of view 17
Benefits of Job Rotation
It provides the employees with opportunities to
broaden the horizon of knowledge, skills, and
abilities by working in different departments,
business units, functions, and countries
Identification of Knowledge, skills, and attitudes
(KSAs) required
It determines the areas where improvement is
required
Assessment of the employees who have the
potential and caliber for filling the position
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OFF THE JOB TRAINING –
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Phase 3: Training Methods
• Sensivity Training
• Games and Stimulations
• COACHING
• MENTORING
• JOB INSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE (JIT)
• Lecture
• Discussions
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1. Sensitivity Training: is about making people
understand about themselves and others
reasonably, which is done by developing in
them social sensitivity and behavioral
flexibility.
Social sensitivity in one word is empathy. It is
ability of an individual to sense what others
feel and think from their own point of view.
Behavioral flexibility is ability to behave
suitably in light of understanding
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2. Lecture: is telling someone about something.
Lecture is given to enhance the knowledge of
listener or to give him the theoretical aspect of a
topic
4. Games and Simulations: are structured and
sometimes unstructured, that are usually played for
enjoyment sometimes are used for training
purposes as an educational tool. Training games
and simulations are different from work as they are
designed to reproduce or simulate events,
circumstances, processes that take place in trainees’
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Coaching
• Coaching is one of the training methods,
which is considered as a corrective method for
inadequate performance. According to a
survey conducted by International Coach
Federation (ICF), more than 4,000 companies
are using coach for their executives. These
coaches are experts most of the time outside
consultants.
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• This method best suits for the people at the
top because if we see on emotional front,
when a person reaches the top, he gets lonely
and it becomes difficult to find someone to
talk to. It helps in finding out the executive’s
specific developmental needs.
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Mentoring
• Mentoring: is an ongoing relationship that is
developed between a senior and junior employee.
Mentoring
• provides guidance and clear understanding of how
the organization goes to achieve its vision and
mission to the junior employee
• In cases where the executive is new to the
organization, a senior executive could be assigned
as a mentor to assist the new executive settled
into his role. Mentoring is one of the important
methods for preparing them to be future executives
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Job Instruction Technique (JIT)
• Job Instruction Technique (JIT) uses a strategy
with focus on knowledge (factual and
procedural), skills and attitudes development.
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Why Transfer of Training Fails
• Don’t learn material
• Don’t understand “real life” applications
• Lack of confidence
• Forgetting the material
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Phase 4:Evaluating Training
• Effectiveness can be measured in monetary or non-
monetary terms. It is important that the training be
assessed on how well it addresses the needs it was
designed to address.
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PART TWO: CAREER AND CAREER
DEVELOPMENT
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Career
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I. Career planning: