ARCTIC AND

ANTARCTICA
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 Table of Contents.

‫ם‬What is arctic?
‫ם‬What is antarctica?
‫ם‬Differences of arctic and antarctica
‫ם‬why is antarctica a continent but the arctic is not?
‫ם‬Which is bigger, the arctic or antarctica?
‫ ם‬Which is colder, the arctic or antarctica?
‫ ם‬Why are the poles so cold?
‫ ם‬Are penguins in antarctica or the arctic?
‫ ם‬What animals live in the arctic?
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‫ ם‬What animals live in the antarctica?

‫ ם‬Who owns the poles?
 What is Arctic?
The Arctic  is a polar region located at the northernmost part of 
Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts
of Alaska (United States), Canada, Finland, Greenland (Denmark), 
Iceland, Norway, Russia, and Sweden. Land within the Arctic region has
seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless 
permafrost (permanently frozen underground ice) containing tundra.
Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places.

The Arctic region is a unique area among Earth’s ecosystems. The

cultures in the region and the Arctic indigenous peoples have adapted
to its cold and extreme conditions. Life in the Arctic includes 
zooplankton and phytoplankton, fish and marine mammals, birds, land
animals, plants and human societies. Arctic land is bordered by the 
subarctic.
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 The Arctic is an ocean surrounded by land, at the northern reaches of the
Northern Hemisphere, where polar bears roam. Humans have lived in the
Arctic for thousands of years, and still do today. The Arctic landscape is
extremely diverse, from the dramatic icebergs that calve off the Greenland
Ice Sheet to the delicate flowers and berries that bloom across the Arctic
tundra in summer, and brilliant displays from deciduous shrubs in the
autumn. 
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 What is Antarctica?
Antarctica is a landmass surrounded by ocean at the
southernmost extreme of the Southern Hemisphere.
Antarctica is a huge continent covered in ice, completely
surrounded by the Southern Ocean and quite isolated
from the rest of the planet. It was first visited by humans
in 1820, after centuries of failed attempts. 
Antarctica has no permanent human population, although
each year thousands of scientists, researchers and station
support staff live on Antarctic research stations and
become short-term ‘Antarcticans’. In the summer
months, thousands of tourists make the journey to
experience the otherworldly icescapes and wildlife of the
south.
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 Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest
average elevation of all the continents. Most of Antarctica is a polar desert, with annual 
precipitation of 200 mm (7.9 in) along the coast and far less inland; there has been no rain there for
almost 2 million years, yet 80% of the world freshwater reserves are stored there, enough to raise
global sea levels by about 60 metres (200 ft) if all of it were to melt.
 
Antarctica is noted as the last region on Earth in recorded history to be discovered, unseen until
1820 when the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on 
Vostok and Mirny sighted the Fimbul ice shelf. The continent, however, remained largely neglected
for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment, lack of easily accessible resources,
and isolation. In January 1840, terra firma at Antarctica was discovered for the first time, almost
simultaneously, by the United States Exploring Expedition, under Lieut. Charles Wilkes, and a
separate French expedition under Jules Dumont d’Urville. The latter in its brief sojourn actually
made a temporary landing; while the Wilkes expedition, though it did not make a landing, did
remain long enough in the region to survey and map some 800 miles of the continent. In 1895, the
first confirmed landing was conducted by a team of Norwegians.
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FAST FACTS
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 Why is Antarctica a continent but the Arctic is not?

Although both poles are covered in ice, what lies beneath the ice is very
different from north to south. If you could lift the ice off the South Pole in
Antarctica you would find a rocky landmass (or landmasses) with gorges,
canyons and mountain ranges, much like the other great continents on our
planet. Antarctica was the last of the Earth’s seven continents to be discovered
by humans.
By contrast, there is no single Arctic continent under the Arctic ice. If you
lifted the sea ice off the North Pole, you would find the Arctic Ocean. Although
there is no Arctic continent, there are many smaller landmasses in the Arctic,
including Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Wrangel Island and parts of
Asia, North America and Europe.
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 Which is bigger, the Arctic or Antarctica?

The Arctic is just slightly larger than Antarctica. The Arctic

covers an area of approximately 14.5 million square km (5.5 million
square miles). Antarctica comes a close second with an area of
about 14.2 million square km (5.4 million square miles), roughly
twice the size of Australia.
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 Which is colder, the Arctic or Antarctica?

Antarctica and the Arctic are the two coldest places on Earth, but A
ntarctica is much colder than the Arctic
. The coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth was in Antarctica
at -93.3°C (-135.9°F). Scientists registered this staggeringly cold
temperature on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in 2013, after
analysing 32 years of satellite data.
In 2020, scientists confirmed the coldest temperature in the Arctic
was in Greenland in December 1991, when the mercury dropped to
a very chilly -69.6°C (-93.3°F).
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 Why are the poles so cold?

1. Dark winters
For six months over the winter, the sun doesn’t rise above the
horizon within the polar circle (66°30′ North and South). Without
the warming effect of direct sunlight the poles get very, very cold.

2. Angle of sunlight
When the sun returns to the polar regions in summer, they still
receive less sunlight than other places on earth due to their position
at the north and south extremes of the globe. In the polar regions,
the sun has to push through more atmosphere, and is spread over a
bigger area than at the equator.
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 3. Lots of ice
Large reserves of ice have a cooling effect on the air
above them. Both the Arctic and Antarctica have large ice
sheets and seasonal sea ice, both of which help keep the
poles cold.

4. Large reflective surfaces

The white surfaces of ice and snow are highly reflective.
They radiate most of the heat that reaches them back out
to space, keeping the air above them relatively cool.
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 Are penguins in Antarctica or the Arctic?

If you’re craving some time with the wonderful

penguins of the world, make sure you go south to
Antarctica, because you won’t find any in the Arctic!
Penguins aren’t known for venturing north of the
equator, although in 1936, some penguins found
themselves unexpectedly relocated to the Arctic. But
almost all penguin species live in the southern
hemisphere, seven of these in Antarctica.
Free from the perils of land predators such as the
foxes and polar bears of the Arctic, penguins have
flourished in Antarctica. They nest in the open, either on
the ice or on little piles of stones.
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 What animals live in the Antarctica?
What animals live in the Arctic?

1. Polar bears 1. Penguins

2. Musk ox 2. Seals
3. Arctic fox 3. Krills
4. Arctic hare 4. Seabirds
5. Reindeer 5. Whales
6. Walrus
7. Whales
8. Seals
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 Who owns the poles?

The North Pole is located to the north of Canada, Denmark (Greenland

), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the U.S (Alaska). While it
doesn’t belong to a single nation, it has attracted the attention of several. In
2007, Russia sent two submarines more than 4 km (2.5 miles) below the
surface to plant a one metre high titanium flag on the ocean floor,
demonstrating their interest in the North Pole.
Nobody owns the South Pole. Instead, it is governed collectively under an
international agreement called the Antarctic Treaty. At the time of writing,
54 nations had signed on to share responsibility for Antarctica. 
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 Thank you!
Do you have any questions?
leverenthjoaquin@gmail.com
09517379444
@im.bambi
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 Did you know?
Did you know that dogs can smell your
feelings?
Dogs can pick up on subtle changes in your
scent, which can help him figure out how
you are feeling, such as by smelling your
perspiration when you become nervous or
fearful.
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Did you know that a cat uses its whiskers
as feelers to determine if a space is too
small to squeeze through?
Also, cats love to sleep. A fifteen-year-old
cat has probably spent ten years of its life
sleeping.
 Clearly, animals know more than we
think, and think a great deal more than we
know.
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― Irene M. Pepperberg
 Dogs can smell your
feelings.

Dogs can pick up on subtle changes in your scent, which can

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help him figure out how you are feeling, such as by smelling
your perspiration when you become nervous or fearful.
 Pandas don’t
hibernate.
When winter approaches, they head lower down
their mountain homes to warmer temperatures,
where they continue to chomp away on bamboo!
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 Koalas are even
more lazy than
cats.

Koalas don’t have much energy and, when not feasting on leaves, they spend their time dozing in the
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branches. Believe it or not, they can sleep for up to 18 hours a day!

 Cats use their
whiskers as
feelers...
...to determine if a space is too small to
squeeze through.

Also, cats love to sleep. A fifteen-year-old cat

has probably spent ten years of its life
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sleeping.
 Why is Antarctica a continent but the Arctic is not?

Did you know?

Pandas don’t hibernate.
When winter approaches, they head lower down their mountain homes to warmer temperatures, where they
continue to chomp away on bamboo!

There are more kangaroos than humans in Australia.

It is estimated that more than 50 million kangaroos live there. They are Australia’s national symbol and
appear on postage stamps, coins, and airplanes.

Koalas are even more lazy than cats.

Koalas don’t have much energy and, when not feasting on leaves, they spend their time dozing in the
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branches. Believe it or not, they can sleep for up to 18 hours a day!

 Very interesting facts!

This is where you section ends. Duplicate this set of slides as many times you need to go over all your sections.
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 Some facts about my cats.

100% 25% 75%

Of my cats are Traveled by plane. Are females.
adorable. Twice!
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 Let’s review some facts.

Elephants Cats
Elephants can sense storms. Pandas Cats use their whiskers as feelers.
Pandas don’t hibernate.

Dogs Koalas
Dogs can smell your feelings. Kangaroos Koalas are even more lazy than
There are more kangaroos than cats.
humans in Australia.
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 This is our team!

Erika V. John S. Marie M.

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