Hydrostatics

Introduction

Section 4.2

Section 4.2 Hydrostatics

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Design Features and Application.

Any hydraulic circuit utilising hydraulic pressure to transmit power is by
definition a hydrostatic drive.
However what is referred to as a ‘Hydrostatic Drive’ is the Closed Loop
system used to propel or move many machines. This does not include the
Open Loop system.
This system is also referred to as Hydro Static Transmission (HST).

Section 4.2 Hydrostatics

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Hydrostatic Transmission Advantages over Mechanical

Advantages.
1. Infinitely variable speed within a range without changing gears (Step less
control) and maintaining a constant engine RPM.
2. Direction change with constant engine RPM with smooth precise control.
3. Fluid lines replace mechanical systems, reducing maintenance and
adjustments.

Disadvantages.
1. High initial cost compared to mechanical system.
2. Some power is lost through heat transfer, resulting in slightly lower power
efficiency than mechanical systems.

Section 4.2 Hydrostatics

 Hydrostatics
Oil Flow
1. Reservoir supplies oil to
pump.
2. Pump produces the flow.
3. Control valve directs oil to
the motor.
4. Oil flow through motor to
produce mechanical drive.
5. Low pressure oil returns to
tank.

Open Loop.
The Open Loop is cost efficient to manufactures however is rarely used where cycle
times and high performance is required.
A major disadvantage is the motor does not provide braking when system goes into
over run.

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Open Loop Systems.

This system is used
extensively in earthmoving
equipment.
1. Travel and swing motors on
excavators.
2. HSS (Hydrostatic Steering
System) on Bull Dozers.
3. Conveyor drives on Mobile
Crushers.

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Oil Flow for Closed Loop

1. Circuit contains oil in lines to
supply pump.
2. Pump produces flow and controls
direction.
3. Oil flow drives motor to produce
mechanical drive.
4. Low pressure oil feeds back to
pump inlet.

Closed Loop
The higher cost to manufacture Closed Loop system can overcome disadvantages that
the Open Loop can not provide.
Forward and reverse is provided with a simple control and a smooth and easier control
of speed.
Braking is provided.

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Power Train 3-D Cutaway of

CLOSED LOOP
Clos Motor
Pump ed L
oop

HST
Charge
Pump not
shown

Section 4.2 Hydrostatics

 Indicate Traction Transfer Efficiency

Direct Drive or Torque

Converter Lockup Efficiency
HST single
pump/motor
92% efficiency

Single stage single phase

Torque Converter efficiency

Torque Converter stall point

Speed Ratio (input vs output)

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Basic Hydraulic System

Variable displacement pump to variable displacement motor.

Pressure relief valves for each side of the circuit

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Basic Hydraulic System

Charge pump and boost check valves

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Main Components

Pump
The constant drive speed
from the engine the
pumps variable swash
plate is able to supplies a
variable flow. Also
change the direction the
oil is flowing in the
system.

Motor.
The motor is supplied
with oil from the pump.
To increase torque and
reduce speed the motor
swash plate goes to
maximum angle. For
high speed and low
torque, minimum angle.

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Hydrostatic Drive Concepts

One motor direct drive the Two motors driving

Direct Hydrostatic second through a clutch
drive through a 3 speed
Low speed = two motors. transfer case.

High speed = one motor

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Hydrostatic Drive Concepts

Two-motor drive with summation gearbox
Clutch also
fitted

Permanently
engaged

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Complete Hydrostatic System

Charge Pump
Heat exchanger
and reservoir

Motor
Pump

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Text

Section 4.2 Hydrostatics

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End of
Hydrostatic
Introduction

Section 4.2 Hydrostatics