Variable, Expressions, Statements

and Operators
Goal
• Variables and its types
• Scope, lifetime and access level of variables
• Constant
• Expression
• Statement
• Procedure
• Sub Procedure
• Functions
Variable
• It is the name of memory location where we put
our data.

• Declaring variable
• Use Dim keyword
• Assigning values
• (sometimes declared with default value assigned)
• Using variable
• For data manipulation / mathematical calculation
Variables
Dim x as integer = 2
Dim L as double = 10
Dim p as double = 5
Dim R1 as double, R2 as double

Sub calcReac()

R2 = P*x / L
R1 = P – R2

End sub
Data Types

Common
language Nominal
Visual Basic
runtime storage Value range
type
type allocation
structure
Boolean Boolean Depends on True or False
implementing
platform
Byte Byte 1 byte 0 through 255
(unsigned)
Char (single char Char 2 bytes 0 through 65535
acter) (unsigned)
Date DateTime 8 bytes 0:00:00 (midnight)
on January 1,
0001 through
11:59:59 PM on
December 31,
9999
 Data Types
Decimal Decimal 16 bytes 0 through +/-
79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,33
5 (+/-7.9...E+28) † with no decimal point;
0 through +/-
7.9228162514264337593543950335 with
28 places to the right of the decimal;
smallest nonzero number is +/-
0.0000000000000000000000000001 (+/-
1E-28) †
Double (dou Double 8 bytes -1.79769313486231570E+308 through
ble-precisio -4.94065645841246544E-324 † for
n floating-p negative values;
oint)
4.94065645841246544E-324 through
1.79769313486231570E+308 † for
positive values

Integer Int32 4 bytes -2,147,483,648 through 2,147,483,647

(signed)
Data Types

Long (long i Int64 8 bytes -9,223,372,036,854,775,808

nteger) through
9,223,372,036,854,775,807
(9.2...E+18 †) (signed)
Object Object 4 bytes on 32-bit Any type can be stored in a
(class) platform variable of type Object
8 bytes on 64-bit
platform
SByte SByte 1 byte -128 through 127 (signed)

Short (short Int16 2 bytes -32,768 through 32,767

integer) (signed)
Single (singl Single 4 bytes -3.4028235E+38 through
e-precision f -1.401298E-45 † for
loating-poin negative values;
t)
1.401298E-45 through
3.4028235E+38 † for
positive values
 Data Types
String (variabl String (class) Depends on 0 to approximately 2
e-length) implementing billion Unicode
platform characters
UInteger UInt32 4 bytes 0 through
4,294,967,295
(unsigned)
ULong UInt64 8 bytes 0 through
18,446,744,073,709
,551,615
(1.8...E+19 †)
(unsigned)
User-Defined ( (inherits from Depends on Each member of the
structure) ValueType) implementing structure has a
platform range determined by
its data type and
independent of the
ranges of the other
members
UShort UInt16 2 bytes 0 through 65,535
(unsigned)
† In scientific notation, "E" refers to a power of 10. So 3.56E+2 signifies 3.56
x 102 or 356, and 3.56E-2 signifies 3.56 / 102 or 0.0356.
Data Types
• Integers are used for whole numbers
• Single is used for floating point number
• Double is used for floating point number with greater
accuracy w.r.t. Single
• Long is used for financial calculation
• String and char is used for Text variable
• Object is used for reference of classes / controls
• Date / time is clear from its name
Notes for Variables
• VB.Net variables are not case sensitive
• Conversion of variable from one form to other can be
implicit or explicit
• Example of implicit conversion:
Dim intA as integer = 0
Dim doubA as double = 2.17
intA = doubA

• Example of explicit conversion:

Dim intA as integer = 0
Dim doubA as double = 2.17
intA = integer.parse(doubA)
Data Conversion
• Use:
• Integer.parse
• Double.parse
• Cdbl
• Cint
• Val
• Variable.tostring
Example of object / control variable
• Dim mybtn as button
• Assignning a button to a form control
btn1 = New Button
btn1.Top = 38
btn1.Left = 12
btn1.Size = New Size(45, 33)
btn1.Text = “Test btn”
AddHandler btn1.Click, AddressOf btn1 _Click
Me.Controls.Add(btn1)
Example of object / control variable
• Event handler code:

Private Sub mybtn_Click(ByVal sender As

Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)

‘Write some code

End Sub
Scope of variable (Assign)
• Normally, a variable is in scope, or visible for
reference, throughout the region in which you
declare it.
• In some cases, the variable's access level can
influence its scope.
Scope of variable
• To make a variable visible only within a block
1. Place the Dim Statement (Visual Basic) for the variable between the
initiating and terminating declaration statements of that block, for
example between the For and Next statements of a For loop.
2. You can refer to the variable only from within the block.
To make a variable visible only within a procedure
1. Place the Dim statement for the variable inside the procedure but
outside any block (such as a With...End With block).
2. You can refer to the variable only from within the procedure, including
inside any block contained in the procedure.
Scope at Module or Namespace Level
1. For convenience, the single term module level applies equally to
modules, classes, and structures. The access level of a module level
variable determines its scope. The namespace that contains the
module, class, or structure also influences the scope.
Scope of variable
• To make a variable visible throughout a module, class, or
structure
1. Place the Dim statement for the variable inside the module, class, or
structure, but outside any procedure.
2. Include the Private (Visual Basic) keyword in the Dim statement.
3. You can refer to the variable from anywhere within the module, class, or
structure, but not from outside it.

• To make a variable visible throughout a namespace

1. Place the Dim statement for the variable inside the module, class, or
structure, but outside any procedure.
2. Include the Friend (Visual Basic) or Public (Visual Basic) keyword in the
Dim statement.
3. You can refer to the variable from anywhere within the namespace
containing the module, class, or structure.
Life time of variables (Assign)
• The lifetime of a declared element is the period of time
during which it is available for use.
• Variables are the only elements that have lifetime.

• For this purpose, the compiler treats procedure

parameters and function returns as special cases of
variables.

• The lifetime of a variable represents the period of time

during which it can hold a value. Its value can change
over its lifetime, but it always holds some value.
Scope of variable (Assign)
• Different life times
• Beginning
• End
• Extension
Access Level (Assign)
• The access level of a declared element is the
extent of the ability to access it, that is, what
code has permission to read it or write to it.
• This is determined not only by how you declare
the element itself, but also by the access level
of the element's container.
• Dim, Private, Protected, Friend, Protected
Friend or Public.
Constant
• Constant is the name of memory location with
fixed value.
• Public Const E As double = 200E9
• Private Const E As Double = 200E9
• Protected Friend Const E As String = 200E9

•
Expression
• Constants and variables combined with algebraic /
logical operator is called expression
• Can be algebraic or logical

If x > 3 then
Do something
End if

If 3*x = 4 then
Do something
End if
Statement
• A single line of code which is compiled
successfully is called statement

• Statements are packed in to procedures

Procedures
• Procedure is a group statements or block of
code

• Sub Procedure
• Function
Sub Procedure
• Sub-Procedure is a block of code which do
operation and do not report any result
or
• Any code within sub / end sub is called sub
procedure
• Sub are within block of sub / end sub
• Statements within sub / end sub should be
limited to a dozen line of code
• Sub may or may not accept arguments
Function
• Function is a procedure which do required
operation and reports the result as well
• Code within Function / End Function is called a
functions
• Function always need arguments
• These are also called mini-programs
Q&A
• Define:
• Variable
• Constant
• Expression
• Statement
• Scope of variable
• Procedure
• Sub Procedure
• Function
Thanks