SHOULDER REGION

Second Year/ Second Semester

2021/2022

:By
Dr. Rana I. Mahmood
UPPER LIMB ANATOMY

2
 Bones & Joints of Shoulder Region

PECTORAL GIRDLE

1. Scapula, or shoulder blade,

2. Clavicle, or collar bone.
 SHOULDER JOINT
  Definition
The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the humerus
and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. It also is referred to as the humeroscapular
or glenohumeral joint.

Anatomical Components
1. Articular capsule.
2. Coracohumeral ligament.
3. Glenohumeral ligaments.
4. Transverse humeral ligament.
5. Glenoid labrum.
6. Bursae
 Stability of the Shoulder Joint

 Wide range of movement than any other joint.

 Less stable – many dislocations

1. Bony factors - weak.

2. Ligaments - weak.
3. Muscles - main factor of stability – rotator cuff muscle.
SITS = Supra- spinatus muscle - Infra-spinatus muscle - Teres minor
muscle - Subscapularis muscle
 MOVEMENTS OF SHOULDER JOINT

The shoulder joint allows flexion, extension, abduction,

adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and
circumduction of the arm. It has more freedom of movement
than any other joint of the body. This freedom results from
the looseness of the articular capsule and shallowness of the
glenoid cavity in relation to the large size of the head of the
humerus.
 JOINTS OF CLAVICLE:
STERNOCLAVICULAR
The sternoclavicular joint occurs between the proximal end of the clavicle and the
clavicular notch of the manubrium of sternum together with a small part of the first
costal cartilage. It is synovial and saddle-shaped. The articular cavity is completely
separated into two compartments by an articular disc. The sternoclavicular joint allows
movement of the clavicle, predominantly in the anteroposterior and vertical planes,
although some rotation also occurs.
2. Acromioclavicular

The acromioclavicular joint is a plane synovial joint

between a small oval facet on the medial surface of the
acromion and a similar facet on the acromial end of the
clavicle. It allows movement in the anteroposterior and
vertical planes together with some axial rotation.
 MUSCLES OF SHOULDER REGION:

 Pectoral muscles - major &minor- powerful adductors supplied by pectoral

verve.
 Serratus anterior - straight boxers blow & pushing a car, long thoracic
nerve.
 Trapezius- moving shoulder up & back.
 Latissimus dorsi - swimming & compressing the chest during coughing.
 Deltoid - abduction- axilla verve, risk of injection.
 Rotator cuff muscles - SITS- stability of shoulder joint.
 SHOULDER INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION

The deltoid muscle is a frequent site for an intramuscular

injection. To avoid injury to major blood vessels and nerves, the
injection is given in the mid portion of the muscle about 2-3
finger-widths inferior to the acromion of the scapula and lateral to
the axilla.
THANK YOU