BITS F110

Engineering Graphics

BITS Pilani Sayantan Chakraborty, Ph.D., AM. ASCE.

sayantan.chakraborty@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in
Pilani|Dubai|Goa|Hyderabad

5/9/22 1
 BITS Pilani
Pilani|Dubai|Goa|Hyderabad

Lecture 10: Section of Solids

5/9/22 2
 Section of Solids

 Interpretation of the object’s

shape → difficult with increase in
number of hidden lines.

 Sectional views → easier

interpretation of the internal
features.

 Object is considered to be cut by

a section plane and portion of the
object that falls between the
section plane and the observer, is
assumed to be removed. https://armyradio.com/Jeep-Parts- 3
Catalogue-Differential-Assembly-Sectional-
View.html
Section of Solids

Pictorial View
 The imaginary plane cutting
through a solid is called a
section plane or a cutting
plane.

Top View
 The surface produced by
cutting the object by the
section plane is called the
section.
Section View
 The section is represented by
thin section lines (hatched),
uniformly spaced and inclined 4
at 45°.
Types of Section Planes
VT = HT =
Vertical Horizontal
Trace Trace

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AVP: Auxiliary Vertical Plane AIP: Auxiliary Inclined Plane
Transfer of Points

Transfer points from one view to other to obtain key points

required to draw the sectional view

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 Transfer of Points

Transfer of a face point and base point from one view to another

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 Transfer of Points

Transfer of a face point and base point from one view to another

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Transfer of Points

Transfer of point by using a slant line method

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Transfer of Points

Transfer of point by using a slant line method

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Transfer of Points

Transfer of point by using a line parallel to the base method

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Transfer of Points

Transfer of point by using a line parallel to the base method

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 Example 1
A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis 60 mm is resting on its base on the
H.P. with an edge of the base parallel to the V.P. It is cut by a section plane
perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 60° to the H.P. and bisecting the axis. Draw its front
view and sectional top view and true shape of the section.

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 1
Start by drawing the orthographic views of the uncut object
 Draw a pentagon abcde keeping side ed parallel to xy.
 Join the corners with centroid o. This represents the top view.
 Project all the corners and obtain a’c’o’ as the front view.

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 1
Refer to front view of object
 Draw V.T. of the section plane inclined at 60° to xy bisecting the axis.
 Let V.T. cut the edges a’b’ at p’, o’b’ at q’, o’c’ at r’, o’d’ at s’, o’e’ at t’ and a’e’ at
u’ – (2 base edges and 4 slant edges)

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 1
Develop top view
 Project p’, r’, s’, t’ and u’ to meet their respective edges ab, oc, od, oe and ae in the
top view at points p, r, s, t and u.
 Draw a horizontal line from q’ to meet o’c’ at m’. Project m’ to meet oc at m. Draw an
arc with center o and radius om to meet ob at point q. Join and hatch pqrstu

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 1
Develop true shape
 Draw x1y1 parallel to V.T. Project p’, q’, r’, s’, t’ and u’ on x1y1.
 Locate p1, q1, r1, s1, t1 and u1 on their respective projectors such that their distances
from x1y1 are equal to distances of p, q, r, s, t and u from xy respectively. Join
p1q1r1s1t1u1 and hatch the enclosed space to get the true shape of section.

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 2
A cone of base diameter 50 mm and axis 60 mm is resting on its base on the H.P. It is
cut by an A.I.P. inclined at 45° to the H.P. and passing through a point on the axis, 20
mm above the base. Draw its sectional top view and obtain true shape of the section.

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 2
Start by drawing the orthographic views of the uncut object
 Draw a circle adgj to represent the top view.
 Divide the circle into 12 equal parts and project to obtain a’g’o’ as the front view.

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 2
Refer to front view of object
 Draw V.T. of the section plane inclined at 45° to xy and passing through a point 3’
lying on the axis at a height of 20 mm from the base.

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 2
Refer to front view of object and Develop top view
 Let V.T. cut the base at 1’ and 11’ while the generators o’c’ at 2’, o’d’ at 3’, o’e’ at 4’,
o’f’ at 5’, o’g’ at 6’, o’h’ at 7’, o’i’ at 8’, o’j’ at 9’ and o’k’ at 10’. Project 1’, 2’, 4’, 5’, 6’,
7’, 8’, 10’ and 11’ to meet in the top view at points 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 11.

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 2
Refer to front view of object and Develop top view
 Points 3’ and 9’ cannot be projected directly on od and oj. For this draw a horizontal
line from 3’ to meet o’g’ at m’. Project m’ to meet og at m. Draw an arc with center o
and radius om to meet od and oj at points 3 and 9 respectively.

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 2
Develop top view
 Join 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11 and hatch the enclosed space.

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 2
Develop true shape
 Draw a1g1 parallel to V.T. Project 1’, 2’, 3’, 4’, 5’, 6’, 7’, 8’, 9’, 10’ and 11’ on a1g1.
Locate 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91, 101 and 111 on the projectors such that their
distances from a1g1 are equal to distances of points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11
from ag, respectively.

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 2
Develop true shape
 Join 112131415161718191101111 and hatch the enclosed space to get the true shape of
section.

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Engineering Drawing by Basant Agrawal and C.M. Agrawal

 Example 3
A square prism having base diagonal 125 mm and height 150 mm is standing on its base
corner on the ground with axis inclined at 45° to the ground. It is cut by a plane parallel to
and 125 mm away from the ground. Draw a sectional view.

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 Example 4
A hexagonal pyramid having base edge 100 mm and height 255 mm is standing on its
base on the ground with its alternate base edges equally inclined to VP. It is cut by two
AIPs. One AIP is parallel to the ground, and another is inclined 60° to the ground. These
two cutting planes meet each other as shown in the figure. Draw a sectional view.

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 Example 5
A pentagonal prism having base edge 100 mm and height 175 mm, is resting on one of
its faces on the ground with axis parallel to HP and VP. It is cut by an AIP making an
inclination of 30° to the ground and passing through a point on the axis 125 mm away
from either base. Draw a sectional view.

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 BITS Pilani
Pilani|Dubai|Goa|Hyderabad

THANK YOU
5/9/22 29
Transfer of Points

Transfer of point by using a line parallel to the base method

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Transfer of Points

Transfer of point by using a line parallel to the base method

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