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Arrester STD Challenges Presentation
Arrester STD Challenges Presentation
Arrester Standards to
Understandable Utility Standards
In each case:
Does surge protection get enough attention?
How can these Challenges be Met?
One Approach:
Produce an Internal Application Guide
Two Objectives Today
ARRESTOR ARRESTER
•Somebody who puts you in jail. This is the version we’re
•Be carful with spell check. here to learn about today.
Specific Example
How to determine proper arrester rating for a given system
voltage?
Utility’s specific application guide requires the use of the next higher entry
from Table 1 of ANSI/IEEE C62.11. This is to allow for a longer
unanticipated TOV on the system.
Explain the Concept of Insulation Coordination
(ABB T&D Book)
Time (s)
50%
30%
0
T T2
O1
Time (s)
Protective Levels
• BIL = Basic Impulse Insulation Level • Lightning Impulse Protective Level (LPL)
8/20 s impulse w/ 1.5, 3, 5, 10, & 20 kA
• BSL = Basic Switching Insulation Level crest
BSL = 0.83 x BIL
• Switching Impulse Protective Level (SPL)
Sources: IEEE C57.12.90 classifying current w/ rise time of 45-60 s
IEEE C57.12.00 Sources: IEEE C62.22
IEEE C62.11
Transformer Insulation Coordination
Per IEEE Guide (C62.22)
Values for FOW, LPL, & SPL can be obtained from the arrester manufacturer’s
catalogue.
Catalogue Data Example
Front-of-wave
Arrester Arrester
TOV Protective Maximum Discharge Voltage (kV Crest)
Rating MCOV
(kV rms) Level 8/20 μs Current Wave
(kV rms) (kV rms)
(kV Crest)
192 152.0 222.5 212.0 482 386 403 417 444 487 544
BIL 825
PR2 = = = 1.69 > 1.2
LPL 487
Catalogue Data Example
(Continued)
Switching Surge
Protective Level
(kV crest)
•Both cases assume 110 kV BIL on the secondary winding of the transformer.
•Even by increasing the arrester MCOV rating by two steps, the protective ratios are still well
above the IEEE recommended value.
Transformer High Voltage Side Fault When DG is present
Scenario:
• DG is present on low voltage side of
transformer
• Ground Fault on HV bus
• HV bus cleared either by local
breakers or remote end breakers.
• Backup relaying may take up to 20
cycles to trip the LV BKR.
Question:
• Will our standard arrester withstand
TOV caused by the delta winding on
the isolated bus?
Analyze the DG Scenario
• Standard arrester applied at 230 kV is a 192 kV (duty cycle) 152 kV MCOV
• When the fault occurs and the bus is cleared from the high side, voltage
on un-faulted phases rises to 230 kV phase-to-ground. This is 1.5 per unit
MCOV.
• It was determined that that BACK UP relaying would take 20 cycles to clear
the LV breaker.
• This would exceed the TOV curve of the arrester.
What are these Challenges?
20 cycles = 1/3 second. Yes the arrester’s
TOV curve is exceeded and it will fail.
1.6
Voltage per unit MCOV
1.4
1.3 `
1.2
TOV
MCOV ’ > = 158.6 kV
1.45
The next available size arrester is a 198 kV, 160 kV MCOV model.
Will it work?
• TOV: It will withstand 234.2 kV for 1 sec.
Prev. Ratio
• FOW = 508 kV PR1 = 1.78 (1.88)