Denture base

:Denture base
is the part of denture that rests on the foundation tissues and to
.which teeth are attached

:Functions
-Support and retention of denture teeth 1
Receive the functional force from occlusion and transfers it to supporting oral-2
.structures or tissues
.Improving esthetics by reproducing natural looking contours-3
.Stimulation of underlying tissue of residual ridge-4

Denture bases are either : A- Tooth supported R.P.D.bases

B-Tooth-tissue borneR.P.D.bases

: Materials Acrylic Resin Bases .1

Metal Bases .2
 Ideal denture base material

Requirements:

1-accuracy of adaptation to tissue with minimal volume change.

2-dense non irritant surface capable of receiving and maintaining a
good finish.
3-thermal conductivity
4-low specific gravity
sufficient strength-5
6-easily kept clean
7-esthetic acceptability
8-potential for future relining
9-low initial cost
 Tooth supported R.P.D.Bases
Tooth supported R.P.D.Bases when replace anterior teeth must
:perform following functions
Provide Desirable esthetic-1
Support and retention of denture teeth in such away that provide masticatory -2
efficiency and assist in Receive the functional force from occlusion and transfers it
.to abutment teeth through rests
.Prevent horizontal and vertical migration of remaining natural teeth-3
.Eliminate undesirable food traps-4
-Stimulate underlying tissues. 5
 Distal Extension R.P.D.BASE

The most important is to contribute in the support of denture as minimizing-1

.functional movement and improving prosthesis stability

As the distance from abutment teeth increased, the support from underling
.tissues become increasingly importance
2-esthetic
3--Stimulation of underlying tissue of residual ridge.
4--Eliminate undesirable food traps.
 The snowshoe principle

This principle is based on distribution of forces to as large an area as

.possible

Like in a snowshoe which is designed to distribute forces on the entire

base area of the shoe, a partial denture should cover maximum area
possible within the physiologic limits so as to distribute the forces over a
.larger area
Retention of denture bases has been described as the
:result of the following forces

adhesion, which is the attraction of saliva to the)1(

denture and tissues

cohesion, which is the attraction of the molecules of )2(

saliva to each other

Atmospheric pressure, which is dependent on a border )3(

seal and results in a partial vacuum beneath the denture
base when a dislodging force is applied

physiologic molding of )4(

the tissues around the polished surfaces of the denture

.the effects of gravity on the mandibular denture )5(

Acrylic Resin Bases .1
Acrylic resin bases are the most common types used in
.removable partial dentures
They should be routinely used in distal extension cases to allow for
.relining of the base to maintain mucosal support
Acrylic resin should make a butt joint or slightly undercut joint with the
.major and minor connectors
If the resin is brought to a feather edge, it will distort, break or separate
.from the framework, causing injury to the underlying soft tissues
:Advantages
a. ability to reline the base as the supporting tissues change
b. esthetically superior to metal bases
c. ease of repair

:Disadvantages
a. dimensional stability less than metal bases - warpage
b. lower strength than metal - long spans
c. porous - hygiene
d. low thermal conductivity
Metal Bases .2
.Metal bases can be used wherever acrylic resin bases are used
However, the esthetic result can be compromised unless the metal can be
.veneered with sufficient thickness of acrylic
Where single tooth replacements are placed, there is often insufficient room
.to fabricate a retentive grid work
A full metal base is often used in these instances. When this type of base is
used, denture teeth are attached to the framework with acrylic resin via
beading or retentive posts on the metal surface. In some rare instances, a
tooth-bounded edentulous span may exist that is too small for placement of
.a denture tooth

Metal bases cannot be relined, so they are generally not used for
tooth-tissue borne removable partial dentures, or in areas where
teeth have been removed within 12 months .(resorption will still be
.occurring at an increased rate and relining will be usually be required)
 Metal Bases
Advantages of Metal Bases
Accuracy and Permanence of Form-1
Cast metal bases, whether of gold, chrome, or titanium cast more accurately
than denture resins

This fact is that an additional posterior palatal seal may be

eliminated entirely when a cast palate is used for a complete
denture, as compared with the need for a definite
post-dam when the palate is made of acrylic-resin

are not subject to distortion by the release of internal Accurate metal casting
strains, as are most denture resins. Because of its accuracy, the metal base
provides an
intimacy of contact that contributes considerably to the
tension retention of a denture. Sometimes called interfacial surface
Permanence of form of the cast base is also ensured
because of its resistance to abrasion from denture cleaning
.agents
 ,The metal bases, particularly the harder chrome alloys
withstand repeated cleaning without significant changes
.in surface accuracy

Comparative Tissue Response -2

Clinical observations have demonstrated that the inherent
cleanliness of the cast metal base contributes to the
health of oral tissues when compared with an acrylic resin
base. Perhaps some of the reasons for this are the
greater density and the bacteriostatic activity contributed
.by ionization and oxidation of the metal base

For this reason, a metal base is

naturally cleaner than an
.acrylic-resin base
-Thermal Conductivity 3

Temperature changes are transmitted through the metal

base to the underlying tissues, thereby helping to maintain
the health of those tissues

Freedom of interchange of temperature between the

external influences tissues covered and the surrounding
,solid foods, and inspired air)(temperature of liquids
contributes much to the patient’s acceptance of a
denture and may help avoid the feeling of the presence
.of a foreign body
 Weight and Bulk-4
Metal alloy may be cast much thinner than acrylic-resin
.and still have adequate strength and rigidity

In the mandibular arch, the weight of the denture may be an asset with
regard to retention, and for this reason a cast gold base may be
preferable
.
extreme loss of residual alveolar bone may make it
necessary to add fullness to the denture base to restore
normal facial contours and to fill out the buccal
vestibule to prevent food from being trapped in the
vestibule beneath the denture. In such situations an
acrylic resin base
.may be preferable to the thinner metal base
In the maxillary arch, an acrylic resin base may be
.preferable to the thinner metal base

To provide fullness in the buccal flanges and for

esthetic reason
 Methods of Attaching Denture Bases

Acrylic-resin bases are attached to the partial denture framework

by means of a minor connector designed so that a
space exists between the framework and the underlying
tissues of the residual ridge

Relief of at least a
gauge thickness over the basal-20
seat areas of the master
cast is used

Thus after casting, the portion of the

retentive framework to which the acrylic-
resin base will be attached will stand away
from the tissue surface sufficiently to permit
a flow of acrylic-resin base material beneath
.its surface
The design of the retentive framework
it should be located both buccally and lingually
its effective rigidity and strength when it is embedded in
the acrylic resin base. It should also be free of interference
with future adjustment, should not interfere with arrangement
of artificial teeth, and should be open enough to avoid
weakening any portion of the attached acrylic-resin. restoration
 Metal teeth
Occasionally, a second molar tooth may be replaced as
.part of the partial denture casting

It is usually done when space is too limited for the attachment

of an artificial teeth

metal teeth made of chrome

alloys are difficult to adjust
and are objectionably hard for
use as occlusal surfaces.
Therefore they should be
used only to fill a space and
.to prevent tooth extrusion
Flange Extension

Denture bases for tooth-tissue supported .1

partial dentures (Class I and II) should be
extended to provide the greatest available
surface area for support and retention, without
over extension
or impingement on movable border tissues
Tooth supported partial dentures (Class IIIand IV) .2
need not necessarily be extended maximally, since
most of the support for these dentures comes from
.the teeth

Maxillary distal extension denture bases should .3

terminate in the hamular notches

Mandibular distal extension denture bases should. .4

.terminate on the retromolar pad
.
Occasionally, the path of insertion can cause the denture flanges to .5
impinge on the mucosa above undercut portions of the residual ridge,
.when the partial denture is being seated

it is usually preferable to shorten the flange, rather than relieving the

internal surface. If the internal surface is relieved significantly, a space
will exist between the denture base and the tissues when the denture
is fully seated. Food may become trapped in the space and work its
way under the partial denture

Deep lingual undercut Do not relieve internally Shorten flange

)maintain usable undercut( )food trap( )difficulty seating, pain(
for retention
Thank you