DISORDERS OF AMNIOTIC FLUID

VOLUME ABNORMALITIES

Dr.Hend Mohamed Ramadan

Assistant lecturer
Benha University
 AMNIOTIC FLUID

The amniotic fluid is the protective liquid present in the

amniotic sac, and mainly composed of water and solids

While in the womb, the baby floats in the amniotic fluid. The amount
of amniotic fluid is greatest at about 34 weeks (gestation) into the
.pregnancy

It averages 800 mL. About 600 mL of amniotic fluid surrounds the

.baby at full term (40 weeks gestation)
 AF VOLUME ABNORMALITIES

Two types of amniotic fluid disorders have been

:identified
First refers to polyhydramnios, which is an
immoderate volume of amniotic fluid with an
.Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) greater than 24 cm
Second includes oligohydramnios, which
.refers to decreased AFI i.e., less than 5 cm
 POLYHYDRAMINOS
AETIOLOGY:

An underlying disease is only found in 17 % of cases in mild polyhydramnios. In contrast,

an underlying disease is detected
 .in 91% of cases in moderate to severe polyhydramnios

Fetal malformations and genetic anomalies (8–45 %)

Maternal diabetes mellitus (5–26 %)

Multiple pregnancies (8–10 %)

Fetal anemia (1–11 %)

 
 POLYHYDRAMINOS
:COMPLICATIONS
MATERNAL
maternal dyspnea
preterm labor
premature rupture of membranes
abnormal fetal presentation
umbilical cord prolapse
postpartum hemorrhage
fetal macrosomia due to maternal diabetes mellitus
hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
urinary tract infections
 
FETAL COMPLICATIONS ‫؟؟‬
 POLYHYDRAMINOS

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
Polyhydramnios tends to develop gradually and there may
.not be noticeable symptoms
:Some women have symptoms like
breathlessness
heartburn
constipation
swollen ankles and feet
 POLYHYDRAMINOS

INVESTIGATIONS:
Extra antenatal appointments and 
ultrasound scans to check for any health conditions
that might affect you or your baby

Tests to look for causes of polyhydramnios, such

as a blood test for diabetes in pregnancy or 
amniocentesis (where some amniotic fluid is
removed and tested)
 POLYHYDRAMINOS
:Treatment 

For the underlying cause, if it's found, forexample, 

changes to your diet or possibly
diabetes medicine if you have
Sometimes you may need treatment to reduce the amount 
of fluid. Some may be drained with a needle or you may
.be given medicine to help stop more fluid being produced

Your midwife or doctor may also talk to you about any 

.birth plan changes to your
 OLIGOHYDRAMINOS
:AETIOLOGY
Congenital anomalies that affect your baby’s kidneys or urinary
.tract
.Problems with your placenta
.Going more than two weeks past your due date
.preeclampsia or Hypertension
.Diabetes
.Dehydration
.Prelabor rupture of the membranes
.Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
 OLIGOHYDRAMINOS
:CLINICAL PRESENTATION
:.You may not know you have low amniotic fluid
.You’re leaking fluid from your vagina
.Your uterus measures small
.You don’t feel your baby move enough
.not gaining enough weight
 OLIGOHYDRAMINOS

Complications: 
.Umbilical cord compression
.Fetal growth restriction
.Respiratory issues or underdeveloped lungs
.Cesarean delivery Increase risk of
.Need for an early delivery
Increased risk for infection if your water has broken
.too early
/??FETAL COMPLICATIONS
 OLIGOHYDRAMINOS

DIAGNOSIS:

ULTRASOUND
TREATMENT
It depends on how far along you are in your
pregnancy and if you’ve been diagnosed
.with other pregnancy complications
THANK YOU