TRANSFER FUNCTION

WEEK 04
 LINEAR-TIME INVARIANT (LTI)
SYSTEMS
• LTI systems are a combination of Linear and Time Invariants Systems.
• These Systems follow the properties of both:

• Linear Systems (Superposition Principle)

• Time Invariant Systems (Time Invariant)
EX.01 WRITE Y2(T) IN TERMS OF
Y1(T).
• In an LTI System, all the initial conditions are Zero.

• Total Output= Z.I.R + Z.S.R

• ZIR = Zero Input Response
• ZSR = Zero State Response

• In linear systems if i/p = 0, then o/p =0

 DEFINITION OF TRANSFER
FUNCTION
• IT IS THE RATIO OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM OF OUTPUT TO THE LAPLACE
TRANSFORM OF INPUT , WHEN ALL THE INITIAL CONDITIONS ARE ASSUMED
TO BE ZERO.
• BY CONVOLUTION PROPERTY:

• y(t) = x(t) * h(t)

• Y(s) = X(s)*H(s)

• H(s) =
EX.02: FIND THE T.F. OF THE
SYSTEM GIVEN BY:
• SOLUTION

• *Y(s) – y() – y’() + 3[s*Y(s) – y()] +2Y(s) = X(s)

• *Y(s) + 3s*Y(s) + 2Y(s) = X(s)
• H(s) = =
• H(s)=
EX.03: FIND THE T.F. OF THE
FOLLOWING RC CIRCUIT:
 EX.04: LET X(T) BE THE INPUT TO AN
LTI SYSTEM. THE REQUIRED OUTPUT
IS 4.X(T-2). THE TRANSFER FUNCTION
OF THE SYSTEM SHOULD BE:
• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.
• y(t) = 4.x(t-2)
• Y(s) = 4.X(s).
• = 4.
• = 4.
• = 4.
EX.05: FIND THE TRANSFER FUNCTION OF THE
FOLLOWING CIRCUIT.
WHAT IS THE ORDER OF THIS CIRCUIT?
• =

• =
• For order,

• Order of a circuit is equal to the total number of effective energy storing elements.

• Three inductors and two capacitors equals to 5 total storing elements.

• The order is 5.
EX.06 FIND THE TRANSFER FUNCTION
OF THE FOLLOWING RL CIRCUIT.
 BY VOLTAGE DIVIDER RULE:

• H(s) =