PREVIOUS LESSON

a) Period of oscillation and mass of object b) Inertia of an object and its mass

 VIDEO 1

What is the video about?

What actually happen to the runner?

PHYSICS FORM4 2.1 ANALYSING LINEAR MOTION

LEARNING OUTCOMES Define distance and displacement, speed and Velocity, Acceleration and deceleration. Calculate speed,Velocity,Acceleration and deceleration.

Linear Motion
Linear motion is movement in a direction. Forward is positive, backward is negative.

Central guiding question:

What is the distance, displacement,speed,Velocity, Acceleration and deceleration?

DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT

Distance
DISTANCE, d is how far a body travels during motion. The distance travelled does not distinguish between motion in a positive or negative direction. unit of distance: metre (m) / kilometre (km)

Distance A to B : 10 m Distance B to A: 10 m

Distance C to B : 5m Distance B to C: 5m

Displacement
DISPLACEMENT, s is the shortest distance between starting point & end point Displacement takes into account only where the motion start and finishes. Displacement is a physical quantity which has both magnitude & direction (vector quantity).

Displacement ,s = final position-initial position.

Displacement of A and B from O:

Magnitude = 5m
direction negative ( ) direction positive (+)

5m

5m

5 m

+5 m

Direction: Left () Right(+)

 So : Displacement from 0 to A = +5m Displacement from 0 to B = - 5m

Thinking 1

distance

distance length

displacement

length depend on the travelled path independent of the travelled path

SPEED AND VELOCITY

Speed and Velocity

Speed and velocity both indicate how fast the body travelling. But there is an important difference between these quantities.

Lets take a look:

 The average speed, of the body is define as the rate of change of distance.

avg. speed

total distance ! total time

QI Find average speed from the diagram below.

Q1

t = 3 minutes
15 m

avg. speed

total dista ce ! total time

15m ! 180 s 1 ! 0.0833ms

 Average velocity, of the body is define as its rate of change of its displacement.

total displaceme nt avg.velocity ! total time

Q2 Find average velocity from the diagram below.

Q2

t = 3 minutes

15 m

6m

total displaceme nt avg. velocity ! total time 6m ! 180 s 1 ! 0.0333ms

Activity 1

1m

1m

1m

Distance : ? Displacement: ?

Activity

1m

1m

Speed: ? Velocity: ?

ACCELERATION

 Acceleration, a is a measure of how quickly velocity change. Acceleration Is the rate of change of velocity Rate change of velocity ---> change of velocity varies time its change in speed or direction

fi al velocity - i itial velocity a! time vu a! t

 Positive acceleration speeding up

60 km/h

65 km/h

2.5 s

Q3. A car increases its speed from 60 km/h to 65 km/h in 2.5s. What is acceleration?

 Acceleration of the car :

vu ! t 65  60(km / h) ! 2.5s 1 1 ! 2kmh s

 Negative acceleration slowing down (deceleration)

80 km/h

40 km/h

2.5 s

Q3. A car decrease its speed from 80 km/h to 40 km/h in 2.5s. What is acceleration?

 acceleration of the car :

vu ! t 40  80(km / h) ! 2.5s 1 1 ! 16kmh s
So decceleration = 16kmh s
1 1

Application

Problem 1 Your neighbour skates at a speed of 4 m/s. You can skate 100 m in 20s. Who skates faster?

Problem 2
A roller coaster starts down a hill at 10 m/s. Two seconds later, its speed is 32 m/s. What is the roller coaster s acceleration?

Problem 3

Sound travels 300 m/s. If a lightning bolt strikes the ground 3km away from you, how long will it take for you to hear it?

Problem 1
GIVEN: WORK:

d = 100 m t = 20 s v=?

v=dt v = (100 m) (20 s) v = 5 m/s

distance speed ! time

You skate faster!

Problem 2
GIVEN: WORK:

v = 32 m/s u = 10 m/s t= 2 s It = 0 s a=?

a = (32m/s - 10m/s) = 22 (2s-0s) 2 a = 11 m/s2

Problem 3
GIVEN: WORK:

v = 300 m/s d = 3km = 3000m t=?

Speed = distance time 300m/s = 3000 m

t

t = 3000m
300m/s

=10s

LEARNING OUTCOMES Define distance and displacement, speed and Velocity, Acceleration and deceleration. Calculate speed,Velocity,Acceleration and deceleration.

yPlease draw a concept map regarding what have we learnt today yPlease read about the equation for linear motion with uniform acceleration and analyzing motion graph.