HYPOTHESES

CONSTRUCTIO
N AND ITS
IMPORTANCE
Prepared by:
Marienne Joy D. Galimba
HYPOTHESIS: Definition
⬢ A tentative statement about something, the
validity of which is usually unknown
⬢ A proposition that is stated in a testable form
and that predicts a particular relationship
between two or more variables
⬢ Written in such a way that it can be proven or
disproven by valid and reliable data

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HYPOTHESIS: Characteristics
⬢ It is a tentative proposition
⬢ Its validity is not known
⬢ In most cases, it specifies a relationship
between two or more variables.

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HYPOTHESIS: Considerations
A hypothesis should be simple, specific and
clear
⬢ No ambiguity in the hypothesis – makes
verification difficult
⬢ Unidimensional – should test one relationship at a
time
⬢ Must be familiar with the subject area (literature
review) before suggesting the hypothesis
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HYPOTHESIS: Considerations
A hypothesis should be capable of verification
⬢ Data collection and analysis

A hypothesis should be operationalizable

⬢ Expressed in terms that can be measured

A hypothesis should be related to the existing

body of knowledge
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HYPOTHESIS: Categories
Research hypothesis
⬢ Your hypothesis which you want to test

Alternative hypothesis
⬢ Specify the relationship that will be considered as true
in case the research hypothesis proves to be wrong

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WAYS OF FORMULATING
HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis of No Difference (Null Hypothesis)
⬢ A hypothesis stipulating that there is no difference between two
situations, groups or outcomes
Example:
There is no significant difference in the proportion of male and
female smokers in the study population.

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WAYS OF FORMULATING
HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis of Difference
⬢ A hypothesis in which a researcher stipulates that there will be a
difference but does not specify its magnitude
Example:
A greater proportion of females than males are smokers in the
study population.

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WAYS OF FORMULATING
HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis of Point-Prevalence
⬢ A researcher has enough knowledge about the behavior/situation
⬢ Able to express the hypothesis in quantitative units
Example:
A total of 60% of females and 30% of males in the study
population are smokers.

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WAYS OF FORMULATING
HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis of Association
⬢ Expressed as a relationship
Example:
Twice as many female smokers as male smokers.

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ERRORS IN TESTING A
HYPOTHESIS
Incorrect conclusions about the validity of a hypothesis
may be drawn if:
⬢ The study design selected is faulty
⬢ The sampling procedure adopted is faulty 
⬢ The method of data collection is inaccurate 
⬢ The analysis is wrong 
⬢ The statistical procedure applied are inappropriate
⬢ The conclusion drawn are incorrect

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ERRORS IN TESTING A
HYPOTHESIS
Two Types of Error
⬢ Type I Error
Rejection of a null hypothesis when it is true
⬢ Type II Error
Acceptance of a null hypothesis when it is false.

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IMPORTANCE OF
HYPOTHESIS
⬢It ensures the entire research methodologies
are scientific and valid.
⬢ It helps to assume the probability of research
failure and progress.
⬢ It helps to provide link to the underlying
theory and specific research question.

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IMPORTANCE OF
HYPOTHESIS
⬢It helps in data analysis and measure the
validity and reliability of the research.
⬢ It provides a basis or evidence to prove the
validity of the research.
⬢ It helps to describe research study in
concrete terms rather than theoretical terms.

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 Jha, S. (2014). Ch 6: Constructing Hypothesis.
http://dcac.du.ac.in/documents/E-Resource/2020/Metrial
/31SHOBHNAJHA2.pdf

Ullah, I. (2018). Constructing Hypotheses.

https://www.slideshare.net/IllllIkrAmKhanIllll/contructi
ng-hypothesis

Wagle, K. (2020). Hypothesis in Research: Definition,

REFERENC Types And Importance!
ES https://www.publichealthnotes.com/hypothesis-in-
research-definition-types-and-importance/

Hussain, M. (2019). Lecture 7 Constructing Hypotheses.

https://slideplayer.com/slide/13251160/
THANKS
FOR LISTENING!

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