Ch06 Accessible TG

Starting out with Programming Logic and
Design
Fifth Edition
Chapter 6
Functions
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives
6.1 Introduction to Functions: Generating Random Numbers
6.2 Writing Your Own Functions
6.3 More Library Functions
6.1 Introduction to Functions (1 of 2)
A function is a module that returns a value back to the part of the
program that called it
– Many languages provide libraries of functions that you can
use, such as Random Number Generator
– A function is like a module, but it returns a value that can
be used in your program
Library functions
– Written functions that come with most languages
– Usually common tasks and save time for the programmer
because it allows for code reuse
6.1 Introduction to Functions (2 of 2)
The Random Number Generator function is useful in:
– Game programs
– Simulation programs
– Statistical programs
– Computer security such as encryption
How random function works

– Set number = random(1, 100)
– 1 and 100 define the range of the number that can be returned,
and are called arguments
– The function is called and a random number is returned and
assigned to the variable number
6.2 Writing Your Own Functions (1 of 3)
Most languages allow coders to write functions
• The function header specifies the data type of the value that is
returned, the name of the function, and any parameter variables
• The function body are the statements that execute when the
function calls
• The return statement specifies the value that is returned when
the function ends
Additional concerns
– While you can pass as many arguments into a function, you can only
return one value
– Functions simplify code, increase the speed of development, and ease
the facilitation of teamwork
– Each function should be flowcharted separately
– IPO (input, processing, and output), can be used to show what a
function does
IPO Chart for the getRegularPrice Function
Input Processing Output
None Prompts the user to enter an The item’s regular
item’s regular price price, as a Real
6.3 More Library Functions (1 of 6)
Mathematical Functions
– Functions typically accept one or more values as
arguments, perform a mathematical operation using the
arguments, and return the results
Set result = sqrt(16)

– Returns the square root of 16
Set area = power(4, 2)
– Raises the value of 4 to the power of 2
Other Common Mathematical Functions
– abs calculates the absolute value of a number
– cos returns the cosign of an argument
– round rounds to the nearest integer
– sin returns the sine of an argument
– tan returns the tangent of an argument
Data Type Conversion Functions
– Library functions that convert values from one data type to
another
▪ toInteger converts a real to an integer
▪ toReal converts an integer to a real
– Real numbers can store integers
– Integers cannot store real numbers
– Type mismatch errors will occur without converting values
Formatting Functions
– Allow to format a number in a certain way
– currencyFormat will be used to format a number to a
currency
– Display would be $6,450.88
String Functions
– Allow for working with strings
– length function returns the length of a function
– append function joins multiple strings together
– toUpper and toLower converts a string to upper or lower
case
– substring can extract a character or a portion of a string
out of a string
– contains identifies similar strings within two strings
– stringToInteger and stringToReal converts string that
stores a number, to a number data type
– isInteger and isReal test numbers to see if it can be
converted to a string
6.4 Focus on Languages: Java
6.4 Focus on Languages: Java (1 of 4)
• Generating Random Numbers in Java
– Include the following import statement at the top of your program:
import java.util.Random;
– In your program, create a Random object:
Random randomNumbers = new Random();
– To get a random integer, use the object's nextInt() method:
int number;
number = randomNumbers.nextInt(10);
– In this example, a random integer in the range 0-9 will be assigned to the number
variable.
import java.util.Random;
public class RandomNumbers

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Random randomNumbers = new Random();
int counter, number;
for (counter = 1; counter <= 5; counter++)

{
number = randomNumbers.nextInt(100) + 1;
System.out.println(number);
}
Example Output
}
93
} 17
21
44
72
• Writing Your Own Value-Returning Methods in Java
Data type of the value that is returned
public static int sum(int num1, int num2)

{
int result;
result = num1 + num2;
return result;
}
The value that is returned
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ValueReturningMethod

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
int firstAge, secondAge, total;
System.out.print("Enter your age: ");

firstAge = keyboard.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter your best friend's age: ");
secondAge = keyboard.nextInt();
total = sum(firstAge, secondAge);
System.out.print("Together you are " + total + " years old.");
}
public static int sum(int num1, int num2)

{
int result;
return result; Example Output
}
Enter your age: 25
}
Enter your best friend's age: 24
Together you are 49 years old.
6.4 Focus on Languages: Python
6.4 Focus on Languages: Python (1 of 4)
• Generating Random Numbers in Python
– Include the following import statement at the top of your program:
import random
– To get a random integer, use the random.randint() function:
number = random.randint(1, 100)
– In this example, a random integer in the range 1-100 will be assigned to the
number variable.
import random
def main():
for count in range(5):
number = random.randint(1, 100)
print(number)
main()
Example Output
89
7
16
41
12
• Writing Your Own Value-Returning Functions in Python
def sum(num1, num2):

result = num1 + num2
return result
def main():
first_age = int(input('Enter your age: '))
second_age = int(input("Enter your best friend's age: "))
total = sum(first_age, second_age)
print('Together you are', total, 'years old.')
def sum(num1, num2):

result = num1 + num2
return result
main()
Example Output
Enter your age: 25
Enter your best friend's age: 24
Together you are 49 years old.
6.4 Focus on Languages: C++
6.4 Focus on Languages: C++ (1 of 5)
• Generating Random Numbers in C++
– Include the following include directive at the top of your program:
#include <cstdlib>
– To get a random integer, call the rand() function:
int number;
number = rand();
– In this example, a random integer will be assigned to the number variable.
• Seeding the Random Number Generator
– To get a random sequence of numbers each time you run the program, you must
seed the random number generator with a different value.
– A common technique is to use the time() function to seed the random number
generator.
– The time() function returns the number of seconds that have elapsed since
midnight, January 1, 1970. The time() function requires the following #include
directive:
#include <ctime>
– Example:
unsigned seed = time(0);

srand(seed);
cout << rand() << endl;
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int number, counter;
unsigned seed = time(0);

srand(seed);
for (counter = 1; counter <= 5; counter++)

{
number = 1 + rand() % 100;
cout << number << endl; Example Output
} 85
return 0; 67
} 89
25
5
• Writing Your Own Value-Returning Methods in C++
Data type of the value that is returned
int sum(int num1, int num2)

{
int result;
return result;
}
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int sum(int, int); // Function prototype
int main()
{
int firstAge, secondAge, total;
cout << "Enter your age: ";

cin >> firstAge;
cout << "Enter your best friend's age: ";
cin >> secondAge;
total = sum(firstAge, secondAge);
cout << "Together you are " << total

<< " years old." << endl;
return 0;
}
int sum(int num1, int num2)

Example Output
{ Enter your age: 25
int result; Enter your best friend's age: 24
result = num1 + num2; Together you are 49 years old.
return result;
}
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Ch06 Accessible TG

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Starting out with Programming Logic and

How random function works

Set result = sqrt(16)

– Display would be $6,450.88

– In your program, create a Random object:

Random randomNumbers = new Random();

– To get a random integer, use the object's nextInt() method:

public class RandomNumbers

for (counter = 1; counter <= 5; counter++)

Data type of the value that is returned

public static int sum(int num1, int num2)

public class ValueReturningMethod

System.out.print("Enter your age: ");

public static int sum(int num1, int num2)

– To get a random integer, use the random.randint() function:

number = random.randint(1, 100)

def sum(num1, num2):

The value that is returned

def sum(num1, num2):

– To get a random integer, call the rand() function:

– In this example, a random integer will be assigned to the number variable.

unsigned seed = time(0);

unsigned seed = time(0);

for (counter = 1; counter <= 5; counter++)

Data type of the value that is returned

int sum(int num1, int num2)

int sum(int, int); // Function prototype

cout << "Enter your age: ";

cout << "Together you are " << total

int sum(int num1, int num2)

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