Estrelita Manalang

MAEd 202
November 20, 2021
Effects of the Students’ Writing Apprehension
and Language Attitude on their Writing Skills
Conceptual Framework

The study will determine the effects of the students’ writing

apprehension and language attitude on their writing skills. Figure 1 illustrates
the paradigm of the study. As shown, the paradigm presents the significant
variables of the study. The writing apprehension and language attitude will
be measured by a researcher-made instrument. This will determine if the
respondents’ writing apprehension and language attitude have effects on the
respondents’ writing skills.
Paradigm of the Study
Theoretical Framework
The sociocultural theory of Lev Vygotsky, Stephen’s Krashen’s affective filter theory, and Albert Bandura’s
self-efficacy theory will dominantly be the bases of this research. The affective theory embodies the view that
some “affective variables” play a facilitative role in language learning. These variables include motivation, self-
confidence, anxiety, and personal traits. Krashen’s affective filter theory (1985) suggests that language learners
might be distracted by emotional factors in language learning process.

Writing Apprehension may also be linked to Albert Bandura’s theory on self-efficacy. Bandura theorized
that individuals assess and judge their own capabilities to accomplish a task. Self-Efficacy is a person’s
particular set of beliefs that determine how well one can execute a plan of action in prospective situations
(Bandura, 1977). To put it in more simple terms, self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in a
particular situation.

Similarly, the work of Lev Vygotsky (1935) has become the foundation of much research in language
development. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory views human development as a socially mediated process in
which learners acquire their cultural values, beliefs, and problem-solving strategies through collaborative
dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society. (Mc Leod, 2020)
Theoretical Framework
It is important to examine these theories and understand how they are directly related to a
person’s writing abilities. Therefore, in relation to these theories, the researchers will attempt to
examine if the students’ attitude and apprehension will have an effect to their writing skills.