CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

LECTURE 2
DR. WALTER RANDOLPH JALGALADO
LOCARD EXCHANGE PRINCIPLE: WHENEVER AN
INDIVIDUAL COMES INTO CONTACT WITH ANOTHER
PERSON/LOCATION CERTAIN SEEMINGLY
INSIGNIFICANT CHANGES OCCUR. SMALL ITEMS, SUCH
AS HAIR, FIBERS AND ASSORTED MICROSCOPIC DEBRIS
MAY BE LEFT BY ONE PERSON OR PICKED UP BY THAT
PERSON. IN SHORT, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO COME IN
CONTACT WITH AN ENVIRONMENT WITHOUT
CHANGING IT IN SOME SMALL WAY
CRIME SCENE PROCESSING IS A SLOW, METHODICAL,
SYSTEMIC AND ORDERLY PROCESS THAT INVOLVES
PROTOCOLS AND A PROCESSING METHODOLOGY.
 FIRST OFFICER ON THE SCENE

ASSESS THE CRIME SCENE AND ASSIST THE INJURED

DETAIN THE WITNESS
ARREST THE PERPETRATOR
PROTECT THE CRIME SCENE
TAKE NOTES
 CRIME SCENE TEAM
1. FIRST OFFICE ON THE SCENE
2. MEDICS (IF NECESSARY)
3. INVESTIGATORS
4. MEDICAL EXAMINER (IF NECESSARY)
5. PHOTOGRAPHERS OR FIELD EVIDENCE
TECHNICIANS
6. LAB EXPERTS
 METHODS OF EVIDENCE SEARCHING
1. SINGLE STRIP METHOD (LINE PATTERN)- THE AREA OF THE CRIME SCENE IS LIKENED TO
A RECTANGLE WITH FOUR SIDES. THE SEARCH TEAM STARTS IN A MANNER PARALLEL
TO ONE SIDE OF THE RECTANGLE PROCEEDING TO THE OTHER SIDE. BEST IN LARGE,
OUTDOOR SCENE
2. SPIRAL OR CIRCULAR METHOD- THIS METHOD OF SEARCH PROCEEDS IN A MANNER AS
TO FOLLOW A CIRCLE OR A SPIRAL, EITHER STARTING FROM THE CENTER TOWARDS
THE PERIPHERY OR VICE VERSA; BEST USED WHEN THERE IS NO PHYSICAL BARRIER
3. GRID METHOD – BASICALLY A DOUBLE LINE SEARCH, EFFECTIVE BUT TIME
CONSUMING
4. ZONE METHOD – THE WHOLE AREA OF THE CRIME SCENE IS DIVIDED IN QUADRANTS
OR ZONES AND SEARCH IS MADE IN EACH ZONE OR QUADRANT; MOST EFFECTIVE IN
HOUSES OR BUILDINGS.
 NEW TECHNIQUES IN CRIME SCENE
INVESTIGATION
1. GROUND PENETRATING RADAR
2. AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE
3. THERMAL IMAGING
4. MULTISPETRAL IMAGING
5. MAGNETOMETRY
6. DOGS
 REFERENCES

• HTTPS://
WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/MDONOHUE/CRIME-SCENES-PRESENTATION-9490934?NEX
T_SLIDESHOW=1
• HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/WARREN142/CRIME-SCENE-PROCESSING-1799278
• LEGAL MEDICINE VOLUME 2 BY ATTY. LEO O. OLARTE, MD, FPCS, FPOA