Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2012/2013
Prof. Nabila.M.Hassan
FCI 2
•Aims of Course:
Solution:
The displacement as a function of time is
x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ). Here ω = 2/s, φ = π/6, and A = 5 cm.
The displacement at t = 0
is x(0) = (5 cm)cos(π/6) = 4.33 cm.
(b) The velocity at t = 0 is v(0) = -ω(5 cm)sin(π/6) = -5 cm/s.
(c) The acceleration at t = 0 is a(0) = -ω2(5 cm)cos(π/6) = -17.3 cm/s2.
(d) The period of the motion is T = π sec, and the amplitude is 5 cm.
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1- An oscillator consists of a block of mass 0.50 kg connected to a spring.
When set into oscillation with amplitude 35 cm, it is observed to repeat its
motion every 0.50 s. The maximum speed is :
(a) 4.4 m/s ,(b) 44.0 m/s ,( c) 44.0 m/s
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Content: Part II: Waves
Chapter 1
Oscillation Motion
- Motion of a spring:
- Energy of the Simple Harmonic Oscillator:
- Comparing SHM with uniform motion
- The simple pendulum:
- Damped Oscillations:
- Forced Oscillation
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•Objectives:
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:Damped Oscillations
Where the force is proportional to the speed of the moving object and
acts in the direction opposite the motion.
The retarding force can be expressed as:
R = - bv ( where b is a constant called damping coefficient)
and the restoring force of the system is – kx,
then we can write Newton's second law as
dx d 2x
F x kx bv x ma x kx b
dt
m
dt 2
When the retarding force is small compared with the max restoring force
that is, b is small the solution is,
b k b 2
t ( )
x(t ) Ae 2m
cos(t ) m 2m
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represent the position vs time for a
damped oscillation with decreasing
amplitude with time
The fig. shows the position as a function in time of the object oscillation
in the presence of a retarding force, the amplitude decreases in time,
this system is know as a damped oscillator. The dashed line which
defined the envelope of the oscillator curve, represent the exponential
factor
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The fig. represent position versus time:
•under damped oscillator
•critical damped oscillator
- Overdamped oscillator.
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Forced Oscillation:
For the forced oscillator is a damped oscillator driven by an external force
that varies periodically
Where
F (t ) Fo sin t
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The last two equations show the driving force and the
amplitude of the oscillator which is constant for a given driving
force.
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Summary of the chapter:
1- The acceleration of the oscillator object is proportional to its
position and is in the direction opposite the displacement from
equilibrium, the object moves with SHM. The position x varies with
x(t ) A cos(t ) time according to,
2 period,
2- The time for full cycle oscillation is defined Tasthe /
.
For block spring moves as SHM on the frictionless surface with a period
k
T 2 2
m
FCI 14
and
dx d 2x
v A sin(t ) a 2 2 A cos(t )
dt dt
We not that the max speed is Aω , and the max acceleration is Aω2 .
The speed is zero when the oscillator is at position of x=± A , and is a
max when the oscillator is at the equilibrium position at the equilibrium
position x=0.
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5- The kinetic energy and potential energy for simple harmonic oscillator are
1 1 1 2 1 given by,
K mv 2 m 2 A 2 sin 2 (t ) U kx kA 2 cos 2 (t )
2 2 2 2
The total energy of the SHM is constant of the motion and is given by
1
E kA 2
2
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7- For the damping force R = - bv, its position for small damping is described by
b k b 2
t ( )
x(t ) Ae 2m
cos(t ) m 2m
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What is the effect on the period of a pendulum of doubling its length?
TL 2 L / g L 2L
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Useful website
http://cnx.org/content/m15880/latest/
http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/SHO/mass-fo
rce.html
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