DEFINITION

Smooth surface lesions located on the

gingival third of labial, buccal and
more rarely the lingual surfaces of all
teeth.
 Limitations:

Always simple lesions as it involves one

surface of a tooth.
 These lesions have the following
clinical characteristics:

1. Caries is not only the reason of cavitation,

abrasion and erosion may also responsible
for their causation(NCCL)
2. The carious lesion usually starts as a white
or chalky line or area near the center of the
gingival 1/3 of the labial or buccal surfaces of
teeth.
If it occurs on the lingual surface, it is usually
associated with denture clasps.
3. Marked sensitivity.

4. Tendency to spread mesially and distally

near the axial angles of teeth
6. It occurs less frequently than the other
types of caries.
7. It is usually affects multiple teeth
8-It is more frequent among old-aged patients
and is called senile cariess
TOOTH PREPARATION

Tooth preparation is the mechanical alteration of a

defective, injured, or diseased tooth to receive a
restorative material that re-establishes a healthy state
for the tooth, including esthetic corrections where
indicated
OBJECTIVES OF TOOTH PREPARATION

remove all defects and provide necessary protection

to the pulp,
extend the restoration as conservatively as possible,
form the tooth preparation so that under the force of
mastication the tooth or the restoration or both will
not fracture and the restoration will not be displaced,
and
allow for the esthetic and functional placement of a
restorative material
STEPS OF TOOTH PREPARATION
INITIAL TOOTH PREPARATION
 outline form and initial depth
 primary resistance form
 primary retention form
Convenience form
TOOTH PREPARATION
FINAL TOOTH PREPARATION
Removal of remaining infected dentine or old
restoration
Pulp protection
Secondary resistance and retention form
 finishing external walls
Cleaning, inspecting and desensitizing
 A. General shape:
“Ferrier design, conventional or typical“

This is the most recent and accepted now.

Generally the classical Class V cavity usually
describe a trapezoidal outline with straight
margins and round corners, with the short
arm being the gingival.
 Principles Rationale

I. OUTLINE FORM - Conforms to the

rounded trapezoid in tooth shape, typical
gingival 1/3. caries location, and
site of plaque
accumulation.
 Outline form
 Describe three dimensional shape of prepared
cavity
 It’s a map of final restoration
 Describe in placement of margin and depth
 B. Location of margins

Occlusally: It has to be at, but not

including the height or just past the
height of contour of the tooth or just
include the defective area of the tooth.
 Principles Rationale

A. Occlusal /incisal outline More esthetic and

is straight and parallel to harmonious.
the occlusal plane.
Proximally: Far enough mesially and
distally to include only the defective
and/or the decalcified tooth tissues, yet
not encroaching on the axial angles of
the tooth, and placed just opposite the
axial angles of the tooth.
Gingivally: At or ideally in the
occlusal portion of the gingival
sulcus space. In cases of gingival
recession, the gingival margin
should be located supragingivally.
 INITIAL DEPTH
Initial axial depth of 0.5 mm inside the DEJ
0.75 mm inside cementum(when on the
root surface)
 Resistance and Retention Forms:

a. Resistance Form:
No resistance form necessary for these
preparation because they are not subjected to a
direct functional loading.

A minimum dept of 0.5 mm in dentin is

required for a uniform bulk of amalgam for
strength of the material.
 b. Retention Form
All external wall either perpendicular or
diverge facially,this form provide no
inheritance retention
 Retention will be placed in the occlusal (or
incisal) and gingival walls in the form of grooves
or retentive holes or coves
 Two grooves;
 Incisoaxial line angle
 Gingivoaxial line angle
 Two incisal and two gingival coves at each point
angles
 Circumferentialy retentive grooves may be
given .
 Retention Form
 ¼ Round bur used
 0.25 mm depth
Retentive grooves
ii. Mesial and distal walls, will appear
divergent or flare mesially and distally
respectively, going with the direction of
enamel rods to form 90° cavo-surface
angle. This is to provide strength for
the tooth and the amalgam margins
and to prevent undermined the enamel
walls.
 All internal line angles in dentine must be
squared up except those on the corners,
they must be rounded. Also, all point angles
must be rounded. This is to facilitate
condensation of amalgam.
 Convenience form:

 The trapesiodal shape with rounded corners

and the isolation of the field of operation
using the rubber dam will provide a better
conveniency for cavity preparation and
restoration.
 Removal of carious dentine:
As described before.
 Finishing of enamel walls and
margins:

 Enamel margins should be smoothened and

should be provided with 90° cavo-surface
angle . The gingival bevel is to be placed on
the gingival walls that are terminated by
enamel and not where the preparation
terminates in cementum.
 Cavity Debridement

As described before.
 This Form of the Cavity :

1. Meets the general principles of cavity

preparation.
2. Exhibits a pleasant appearance, and
3. Is easier to restore.
 Armamentarium

1. Rubber dam , punch , clamp forceps and

clamp no. 212.
2. Burs nos. 330 , 256 , 2,4,1/4 round
3. Hand instruments : curved chisel, hand
excavator.
Instrumentation Resume for the Class
V Preparation
1. No. 2 or 4 bur for penetration and extension of
the outline .

2. If required , caries is removed with a slow -

speed round bur , as dictated by convenience .
3. Hand excavator may be advised.
4. Gingival and incisal retention placed with no. ¼
or ½ bur.
5. Enamel is finished and beveled with a no. 15
Wedelstaedt chisel and 7901 or 242 bur.
 Restorative technique
 Matrix placement
 Conventional matrix band with window cut
into the band allowing access to
preparation for condensation
 Restorative technique
 Insertion and carving of amalgam
 Same as other cavity restoration