THE COUNCIL OF

THE GOD(1880)
Artistic-Literary Lyceum
• opened another literary contest (to
both Filipinos and Spaniards) to
commemorate the 4th centennial of
the death of Cervantes.
Cervantes
• was a Spain’s glorified man-of-letters
and famous author of Don Quixote.
“The Council of the Gods” nother literary contest to
commemorate Cervantes’ fourth centennial death
anniversary, was held in 1880. Rizal submitted an
allegorical poem entitled El Consejo de los Dioses
Rizal won first prize again but the Spanish community
in Manila disapproves with the decision. Rizal won a
gold ring engraved with the Cervantes and for the first
time in history, an indio excelled in a national literary
contest.
He was able to prove the fallacy of the alleged Spanish
superiority over the Filipinos and revealed that we
could hold our own against other races. Rizal was
aided by the Father Rector of Ateneo to secure the
needed references. he allegory was based on Greek
classics and established a parallel among Homer, Virgil
and Cervantes.
El Consejo de los Dioses
(English Translation: The
Council of the Gods) is a
play written in Spanish by
Filipino writer and national
hero José Rizal, first
published in 1880 in
Manila by the Liceo
Artistico Literario de
Manila in 1880, and later
by La Solidaridad in 1883.
Other Literary Works

“Junto Al Pasig” (Besides the Pasig)

• (Zarzuela)staged by the Ateneans on
December 8, 1880 of the Annual Celebration
of the Feast Day of Immaculate Concepcion
(Patroness of Ateneo).

A Filipinas
• (a sonnet, 1880) Rizal urged all Filipino
artists to glorify the Philippines.
Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma
• (poem, 1879) was declaimed by an Atenean,
Manuel Fernandez on the night of December
8, 1879 in honor of the Ateneo’s Patroness.

Al M. R. P. Pablo Ramon
• (a poem, 1881) Rizal wrote a poem as an
expression of affection to Father Pablo
Ramon, the Ateneo Rector, who had been so
kind and helpful to him.
Rizal’s Visit to Pakiland Pagsanjan May 1881

Summer of May 1881 Rizal went to a pilgrimage

to the town of pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen
Maria de los Dolores. He was accompanied by his
sisters—Saturnina , Maria, and Trinidad and their
female friends. They took a casco (flat-bottom
sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna, and
stayed at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel
Regalado, whose son Nicolas was Rizal’s friend in
Manila.
• Rizal and his companions were fascinated by he
famous Turumba (people dancing in the streets
during the procession in honor of the miraculous
Birhen Maria de los Dolores) Rizal was infatuated
by a pretty girl colegiala, Vicenta Ybardolaza, who
skillfully played the harp at the Regalado home.

• Reasons why Rizal and his company made side

trip to the neighbouring town of Pagsanjan:
• 1. It was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela
• 2. To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls.
Champion of Filipino Students
There were frequent student brawls between the
Filipinos and the Spaniards.
In 1880 Rizal founded Companerismo
(Comradeship), a secret society of Filipino UST
students. The members were called “Companions
of Jehu”.
• He was the chief of the society.
• His cousin, Galicano Apacible was the
secretary.
Fierce encounter near the Escolta in Manila
where Rizal was wounded on the head, and
tenderly washed and dressed by Leonor
Rivera in his boarding house “Casa
Tomasina”.
UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST
1. The Dominican professors were hostile to
him.
2. The Filipino students were racially
discriminated against by the Spaniards.
3. The method of instruction was obsolete and
repressive.
In Rizal’s novel, El Filibusterismo, he described
how the Filipino students were humiliated and
insulted by their Dominican professors and how
backward the method of instruction was,
especially in the teaching of the natural sciences.
He related in Chapter XIII, “The Class in Physics”
 Rizal Decision to Study

After finishing the Fourth Year of his medical

course, Rizal decided to study in Spain. He could
no longer endure the rampant bigotry,
discrimination, and hostility in the University of
Santo Tomas.

He did not seek his parent’s permission and

blessings to go abroad; and even his beloved
Leonor.
The people who approved this are the following:
• His older brother Paciano
• His sisters Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia
• Uncle Antonio Rivera
• The Valenzuela family
• Some friends

The people who did not know of his decision

are the following:
• Rizal’s parents
• Leonor Rivera
• Spanish authorities
The End