Norma basalis

Inferior Aspect of skull

 Parts

• Anterior
• Middle
• Posterior
 Anatomical features anterior part

Bones Sutures
Alveolar arch Inter maxillary
Hard palate Inter palatine
Incisive fossa Palato maxillary
Posterior nasal spine
Palatine crest
 Anatomical features anterior part

Foramens
Greater palatine foramen
Lesser palatine foramen
 Anatomical features of middle part

Bones
• Posterior border of vomer • Occipital:
• Sphenoid Inferior surface of basilar part
Inferior surface of body
Pterygoid process
• Temporal:
Infratemporal surface of greater
wing of sphenoid
Part of squamous part
 Anatomical features of middle part
• Posterior nasal aperture • mandibular fossa
• Basilar part of occipital • Articular tubercle
• Pharyngeal tubercle • Tympano mastoid suture
• Pterygoid fossa • Sulcus tubae
• Scaphoid fossa • Inferior surface of petrous
• Pterygoid Hamulus temporal bone
• Spine of sphenoid
 Anatomical features of middle part
• Tympanic part of temporal bone
• Squamous part of temporal bone
• Zygomatic process of temporal
bone
• Mandibular fossa of temporal
bone
• Tegmen tympani
 Anatomical features of middle part

Foramens
• Foramen Spinosum,
• Ovale
• Emissary sphenoidal foramen
• Canaliculus innominatus
Foramens
• Foramen lacerum
• Carotid canal
• pterygoid canal
• Palato vaginal canal
• Squamo tympanic fissure
 Anatomical features of posterior part

Bones
• Occipital
• Inferior aspect of condylar part
• Part of squamous part
• Temporal
• Styloid, mastoid processes
 Anatomical features of posterior part
• External occipital crest • Squamous part of occipital bone
• External occipital protuberance • Petrous temporal bone
• Occipital condyles • Jugular surface
• Jugular process of occipital bone • Styloid process
• Mastoid process
 Anatomical features of posterior part

Foramens Foramens
• Foramen magnum • Tympanic canaliculus
• Hypoglossal canal • Stylomastoid foramen
• Jugular foramen • Mastoid canaliculus
Muscle attachments
Name Bone Content

Foramen ovale sphenoid Mandibular division of the

trigeminal nerve (CN V3),
accessory meningeal
branch of maxillary artery,
emissary vein ,
lesser petrosal nerve
Foramen spinosum sphenoid Middle meningeal artery
Middle meningeal vein
Meningeal branch of CN
V3
(nervous spinosus)
Foramen lacerum Apex of petrous temporal Meningeal branch of
ascending pharyngeal art
Emissary vein
Meningeal lymph
Name Bone Content

Squamo tympanic fissure Temporal Ant lig of malleus

petrotympanic Chorda tympani nerve
Ant tymp.branch of
maxillary artery
Palato vaginal canal sphenoid Pharyngeal nerve ,
Pharyngeal artery

Foramen magnum Occipital

Foramen magnum Structures passing through Structures passing through anterior
posterior compartment (Neuro- compartment (osseo-ligamentous
vascular compartment) include: compartment) include:
Lower end of  Apical ligament and tip of dens
Medulla Oblongata with  Upper band of Cruciate ligament
meninges Membrana tectoria
Fourth part of vertebral artery
 surrounded by sympathetic
plexus of nerves
accessory nerves
anterior and posterior spinal
arteries
Tonsil of cerebellum 
Name Bone Content

Jugular foramen Occipital Anterior – contains the

inferior petrosal sinus (a
dural venous sinus).
Middle – transmits the
glossopharyngeal nerve,
vagus nerve and cranial
part of the accessory nerve.
Posterior – contains the
sigmoid sinus and
transmits meningeal
branches of occipital and
ascending pharyngeal
arteries.