OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON

EXCRETION – THE REMOVAL OF EXCRETORY

PRODUCT
EGESTION – REMOVAL OF UNDIGESTED
CELLULOSE IN FAECES
NITROGENOUS WASTES – PRODUCED FROM
EXCESS PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS.
NITROGENOUS WASTES IN MAMALS IS MAINLY
UREA.
EXCRETORY PRODUCTS IN MAMMALS

• CARBON DIOXIDE BY RESPIRATION

• EXCESS WATER AFTER KIDNEY FILTRATION
• UREA AFTER DEAMINATION BY LIVER
• BILE PIGMENTS AFTER HAEMOGLOBIN BREAKDOWN.
 DEAMINATION

DEAMINATION : 
Define: Removal of the nitrogen-containing part of amino acids to form urea,
followed by release of energy from the remainder of the amino acid.

•Key points 
1.Amino acids are used for making enzymes, protein synthesis etc.
2.The amino acids not needed for making proteins are converted  to glycogen. It
can be used for energy source or  converted for fats.
3.During this process the NH2 group of the amino acid is removed.
4.This removed NH2 group turns into NH3 (more strictly NH4+ )
5.Ammonia is very poisonous to the body cells, and the liver converts it  into urea.
DEAMINATION
HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM (THE KIDNEY)

• THREE MAIN PARTS, CORTEX, MEDULLA AND PELVIS.

• LEADING FROM THE PELVIS IS A TUBE CALLED URETER.
• URETER CARRIES URINE FROM KIDNEY TO BLADDER.
KIDNEY TUBULES

• KIDNEYS ARE ACTUALLY MADE UP OF THOUSANDS OF TINY TUBULES CALLED

NEPHRONS.

http://www.footprints-science.co.uk/kidney.htm
• IT HELPS IN REMOVAL OF UREA THROUGH URINE FORMATION . IT HAVE TWO
FUNCTION :
• FILTRATION
• REABSORPTION
• BLADDER IS WHERE URINE IS STORED.
KIDNEY DIALYSIS
KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION