A.

Science and the Scientific Method

B. Branches of Chemistry
C. Applications of Chemistry
 Science is an organized body of knowledge
obtained through observation and
experiments
 Based on scope, science is either natural or

social
 Scientific knowledge is gained through the

conduct of the scientific method

◦ Scientific method is an organized way of
answering a question, explaining a
phenomenon, and / or solving a problem
 1. Identify the problem
 2. Gather information about the problem
 3. Formulate the hypothesis
 4. Test the correctness of the hypothesis

through experiments
 5. Analyze the experimental results
 6. State the conclusion / generalization
 Chemistry is a branch of natural science that
studies the non-living aspects of the natural world.

◦ Specifically, chemistry is the study of matter – its

definition, structure and composition, properties,
classification, the changes that matter undergoes
as well as the energy transformations that
accompany these changes
1. Health and Medicine
- substances and chemical processes used
in the field of medicine to ensure /
maintain health, prevent diseases, and
accordingly treat cases of such are all
direct applications of chemistry
2. Food and Agriculture
- food production, preservation,
processing and distribution involve
chemical products and processes
3. Energy and the Environment
Chemistry has enabled the tapping of
different alternative sources from the
environment so that the needs / wants of
society may be met; chemical principles
are also used as bases in coming up with
environmental protection and
rehabilitation programs
4. Materials and Technology
- manufactured goods are a combination
of different chemical substances and
processes
5. Defense, Peace and Order and
Administration of Justice
- weapons, military tactics and operations,
and other materials and equipment that
enable a country’s defense are all largely
dependent on manufactured goods are a
combination of different chemical
substances and processes
 eg.
1. police and military weapons
 eg.
2. laboratories
 eg.
3. processes such as forensics