FLORA

AND FAUNA
A COMPARATIVE STUDY
By Pahal Mittal
V-C
 FLORA & FAUNA IN INDIA
FLORA: The subcontinent stands
4th in Asia and 10th in the world in
plant diversity.
FAUNA: India is home to a
plethora of animal life. The
wildlife includes mammals, birds,
reptiles, Amphibians, insects,
freshwater, and marine fishes.
 INDIA
Major types of Vegetation

Tropical Evergreen Forests

Tropical Deciduous Forests

Tropical Thorn Forests and
Scrubs
Montane Forests

Mangrove Forests
 TROPICAL THORN
FORESTS AND SCRUBS
VS
MONTANE FORESTS
 CLIMATE
TROPICAL THORN FORESTS AND SCRUBS
 Found in regions with rainfall leaa
than 70 cm
 Humidity is less than 50 percent.
 The mean temperature is 25°-30°C.
 Thorn forests experience very little
rainfall and are prevalent in the arid
regions.
MONTANE FORESTS
Found in high-altitude mountainous
areas with less temperature
(temperate zone of Himalayas)
between 1500 to 3000 mts
The annual rainfall varies from 150
cm to 250 cm.
FEATURES
TROPICAL THORN FORESTS
AND SCRUBS
Vast and coarse grasslands are present in
between the thorny trees and bushes
which are widely scattered.
The trees have long roots which penetrate
very deep into the soil to obtain moisture.
The stems are succulent for water
conservation
Leaves are turned to spines to minimize
transpiration.
MONTANE FORESTS
 Evergreen type of vegetation is
prevalent.
 Grasslands cover about 80% area.
 Temperature and rainfall in the
mountain forests vary according to
the height of the mountain. As the
altitude of the mountain increases,
the temperature decreases steadily.
 FLORA
TROPICAL THORN FORESTS AND SCRUBS
The main plant species found here are
acacia, euphorbias, cacti, ber, neem,
babool and wild palms.
MONTANE FORESTS
1000 to 2000 m – Wet temperate type of
forests - Evergreen broad leaf trees such as
oaks and chestnuts
1500-3000 m – Temperate Forests – Coniferous
trees where the woods have conifers like pine,
cedar, spruce, silver fir, and deodar.
>3600 m - Temperate grasslands and forests
transform into alpine vegetation. Trees found
are birch, junipers, etc.
Higher than this - Only scrubs and shrubs.
Even higher - tundra vegetation - Only mosses
and lichens
FAUNA
TROPICAL THORN FORESTS
AND SCRUBS
Fox, wolf, tiger, lion, camels, horses,
wild asses, rats, rabbits and mice are
the animals living in these forests.
MONTANE FORESTS
 Wildlife found here are wild sheep,
Kashmir stag, jack rabbit, Tibetan
antelope, snow leopard, jack rabbits,
yaks, squirrels, sheep and goats with thick
hair, rare Red panda, bear, and shaggy
horned wild ibex.
LOCATION

TROPICAL THORN FORESTS AND SCRUBS MONTANE FORESTS

 In semi-arid regions of the  These forests cover the southern slopes
northwestern states: of the Himalayas and places having high
altitudes in North East and Southern
 Rajasthan India.
 Gujarat  Northern Mountain Forests – Himalayas
 Chhattisgarh - Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,
Uttaranchal, Darjeeling, Sikkim
 Uttar Pradesh
 Southern Mountain Forests – Western
 Madhya Pradesh Ghats, Vindhyas, Nilgiris – Trees are
magnolia, laurel, cinchona, wattle
 Haryana
THANK YOU