ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION & PNEUMONIA

MRS.NEETHU MARIYA MATHEW

• ARI may cause inflammation of the respiratory tract anywhere from nose
to alveoli, with a wide range of combination of symptoms and signs.
• AURI: Common cold, Pharyngitis, otitis media
• ALRI : epiglottitis, laryngitis, laryngotracheitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis,
and pneumonia
 DISEASE BURDEN

• Acute respiratory infection (ARI) accounts for nearly 15% of all childhood mortality in
South Asia, with children from rural areas at higher risk due to inaccessibility to healthcare
facilities. 
•  India is one of the 15 highest burdened countries
• . In India, around 400 000 children aged below five years die every year from ARI-related
diseases
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS-AGENT
FACTORS
HOST FACTORS

• Small child
• case fatality rate is also high
• Illness rates are high in young children and decrease with increase in age
• Under 3yr of age boys are affected more than girls
• Among adults, women are more affected
 RISK FACTORS
• Socio economic status
• Nutrtion
• Overcrowding, intense indoor smoke pollution
• Immunity
• Climatic conditions
• Housing, level of industrialisation
• Mode of transmission: airborne:; person to person contact
 CONTROL OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
• CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
History taking and clinical assessment: age of child, cough, whether the child is able to drink, any antecedent illness, excessive
drowsiness, convulsions, irregular breathing, child turning blue
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
1. Count the breaths in one minute: check for fast breathing
2. Look for chest indrawing:
3. Look and listen for stridor
4. Look for wheeze
5. See if the child is abnormally sleepy
6. Feel for fever
7. Check severe malnutrition
8. Check for cyanosis
CLASSIFICATION OF ILLNESS

Children aged 2months to 5years

1. Very severe disease
2. Severe pneumonia
3. Pneumonia
4. No pneumonia: cough or cold
MANAGEMENT OF VERY SEVERE DISEASE
MANAGEMENT OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILD AGED
2MONTHS TO 5YEARS
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASE IN YOUNG
INFANTS
TREATMENT- FOR 2MONTHS TO 5 YEARS

• Pneumonia: drug of choice cotrimazole

SEVERE PNEUMONIA
TREATMENT IN YOUNG INFANTS
PREVENTION OF ARI

• Immunization
1. Measles vaccine
2. Hib vaccine
3. Pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine
 Ppv 23
 PCV