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Electricity 6e Instructor CH15 Instraments and Measurement
Electricity 6e Instructor CH15 Instraments and Measurement
Richard J. Fowler
Chapter 15
Instruments and Measurements
©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
INTRODUCTION
• Digital Ohmmeter
• Basic Meter Movement
• Analog Meters
• Current Transformer
• Meter Loading
• Bridges
Facts About Instruments and Measurements
• Many analog instruments use a d’Arsonval
meter movement.
• Analog wattmeters use electrodynamometer
meter movements.
• Rectifiers convert ac to pulsating dc.
• Meter movements have voltage, current,
and resistance ratings.
• A DVM measures the time to charge a
capacitor, from a constant-current source, to
the value of the voltage being measured.
More Facts About
Instruments and Measurements
• Shunts and multipliers are used to extend
the range of meter movements.
• High-frequency currents can be measured with
thermocouple meters.
• Digital capacitance meters measure the time
required to charge the capacitor.
• Digital inductance meters measure the
inductor’s cemf.
• Wattmeters measure true power.
• Impedance can be measured by the equivalent-
resistance method.
Ohmmeter Function of a DMM
1 mA
constant Voltmeter
current circuitry
source
Using these two ratings, the full-scale voltage rating (Vfs) is:
Vfs = Ifs x Ri = 50 µA x 1 k = 50 mV
Analog Ammeters
50 µA
1 k
50 mV
R1 R2
Input ac
AMPERES
The current transformer, with a split core, is used in the clamp-on meter.
Current Transformer Principle
AMPERES
The current transformer, with a split core, is used in the clamp-on meter.
To measure current in a conductor, open the core and insert the conductor.
Current Transformer Principle
AMPERES
The current transformer, with a split core, is used in the clamp-on meter.
To measure current in a conductor, open the core and insert the conductor.
R1
V 45 V
2 k
B1
90 V
R2
2 k V 45 V
R1
1 M V 20 V
B1
60 V
R2
1 M V 20 V
R1 R2
2.2 k 1.6 k
C1 Cu
0.002 µF .00275 µF