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Presentation Turbines 1447184924 167075
Presentation Turbines 1447184924 167075
Turbines are energy developing machines. Turbines convert fluid energy into
mechanical energy. The mechanical energy developed by the turbines is used
in running an electric generator, which is directly connected, to the shaft of the
electrical generator.
Undershot Wheel
Low Efficiency
General layout of Hydro-Power Plant
a) Reservoir
Reservoirs ensure supply of water through out the year, by storing water
during rainy season and supplying the same during dry season.
b) Dam
The function of the dam is to increase the reservoir capacity and to increase
the working head of the turbine.
c) Penstock
A pipe between dam and turbine is known as penstock. It will carry the water
from dam to turbine. Penstock is commonly made of steel pipes covered with
RCC.
d) Surge tank/Forebay
When the rate of water flow through the penstock is suddenly decreased, the
pressure inside the penstock will increase suddenly due to water hammer
and thereby damage the penstock.
Surge tank/Forebay is constructed between the dam and turbine. It will act
as a pressure regulator during variable loads.
e) Turbine
Turbines convert the kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical
energy to produce electric power.
Difference Between the Head race level and Tail race level
Static (No water flow) / Total Head – H1
SI Unit: kW
Metric Unit : Horse Power/Water Horse Power (W.H.P)
3) Volumetric Efficiency – due to amt of water slips directly to the tail race
4) Overall Efficiency
Reaction Turbine:
The pressure of liquid changes while it flows through the rotor of the
machine. The change in fluid velocity and reduction in its pressure causes
a reaction on the turbine blades; this is where from the name Reaction
Turbine may have been derived.
Specific speed
speed Ns = N √P / H5/4
Stream flow along the inner curve of the bucket and leave it in the direction
opposite to that of incoming jet.
The high pressure water can be obtained from any water body situated at some
height or streams of water flowing down the hills.
Iron/Steel casing to prevent splashing of water and to lead water to the tail
race.