Training & Development

Prepared by Sonia Gupta

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 Training
• The act of increasing the knowledge and skill of
an employee for doing a particular job- Flippo

• Training widens job related knowledge of the

employee.

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 Training & Development
Training involves the change of skills, knowledge,
attitudes ,or behaviour of employees.
Training is more present day oriented,its focus is on
individuals’ current jobs enhancing those specific
skills and abilities to immediately perform their
jobs.
Training is job specific and is designed to make
employees more effective in their current job.,on
the other hand employee development ,generally
focuses on future jobs in the org.

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 Training & Education
Training has a narrow aim limited to increase in
knowledge and skill related to a job.
Education broadens the mental faculties and horizon
of knowledge. It is concerned with enhancing general
knowledge and motivating one to understand the
total environment. It is imparted in school, colleges
and universities.

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 Objective ofTraining
Training has two fold advantage:
It is beneficial to the employee for better
performance and also gets a chance to move upward
through promotion.
It is beneficial to the org as well since the trained
employees perform better and helps in increasing
the output

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 Importance of Training
Economy of operations- trained workers make better
and economic use of materials and machines.
Wastages are minimized. this helps in reducing
reducing per unit cost of production.
Minimization of supervision- trained workers requires
less supervision.The supervisor can devote his time
for more urgent work
Better performance-training improves quality of work.
It tends to incraese the productivity
Increase in morale- one of the obj of training is to
change the attitude and outlook of the workers.
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 Importance of Training
Increase in morale- one of the obj of training is to
change the attitude and outlook of the workers .A
tarined workers’ morale incraese bcs of the support
and encouragement he gets from his superiors and
his opinion is respected.
Uniformity in performance –training provided to
workers enables uniformity in works and
standardisation of methods in performing the jobs.
Effective control- supervisors can easily delegate
their power to the trained personnels for the better
managerial control.

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 Ways of determining
Training needs
 Performance appraisal
 Analysis of job requirement
 Organisational analysis
 Employee survey

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 Training methods
Once the organisation’s training needs have been
identified, the HR manager must initiate the
appropriate training effort. All the methods of
training has been broadly classified as -

On- the Job Training method

Off- the Job Training method

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 Training methods
On- the Job Training method
The training is imparted on the job and the employee gets
training under the same environment where he has to
work.This ystem is very cost effctive and popular. The
common on -the job training methods are:
a)Coaching
b)Understudy method
c)Job rotation
d)Job instruction Training(JIT)
e)Committee assignement
f)Apprenticeship training

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 Training methods
a)Coaching-
It involves teaching by a superior about the knowledge
and skills of a job to the junior .the superior points out
the mistakes commiitted by the trainee and makes
suggestions wherever and whenever necessary.
b) Understudy method- the chosen trainee subordinate
is most likely to be promoted after the retirement or
promotion of his superior under whom he is receiving
training.it is a kind of mentoring to help the employee
to learn the skills of superior position.

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 Training methods
c) Job Rotation/Cross training-
This involves movement of employees to different jobs to gain
knowledge and functioning of various jobs within the
organisation. The incumbent thus realises the problem and
working of the job and develops the respect for the fellow
employees.
Banks and insurance companies follow this approach
d) JIT:
This involves supervisor explains the knowledge,skills and method
of doing the job to the trainee employee. supervisor then ask
subordinate to do the task himself.supervisor provides
feedback.This is an effective way to train the operative staffs
in the industrial est.

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 Training methods
e)Apprenticeship training:
Tis training is essential for filling up positions requiring
technical skills. The technical knowledge is given to the
apprentices in various trades. during the training period
stipend is paid to the trainee.the obj is to improve them
to perform efficiently the assigned job. it ranges from 1
year to 4 years.
f)Committee assignments: it involves a committee
consisting of a group of employees are given problem and
invited to give solution.the committee submits the
solution.The obj. is to develop a teamwork among the
employees.

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 Training methods
Off- the Job Training method
Under this system ,a trainee is taken off from the job and
separated from his work situation so that he can fully
concentrate on learning and acquiring the knowledge and
skills related to the performance of job in a free env.
some of the common methods are as follows:
 Vestibule training
 Lecture method
 Role playing
 Conferences and seminars
 Films and slide shows

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 Training methods
Off- the Job Training method
Programmed instruction
University and college courses

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 Training methods
 Vestibule training:
 Under this method, training is provided in a
classroom where the actual working situation is
created. The tools and equipments,files,and other
related materials are used in imparting knowledge
and skills related to the job by carefully performing
it at the vestibule school.the duration ranges from
aweek to a fortnight. this system is mostly suitable
for the staff of clerical and semi skilled grades

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 Training methods
 Lecture method:
 It is an old and direct method of providing
instruction. A large group of trainees can be
addressed through the lecture method.It involves
providing information relating to rules, policies,
procedures and methods. It is low cost method. It
concentrates on transmission of ideas, concepts,
theories and the related knowledge.

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 Training methods
 Role playing:
 The trainees get a description of a situation and role
of a managerial character they have to play..They
have to solve the problem properly. this method
helps the trainee to develop the insight in to his
behaviour and deal with others accordingly. It is an
effective method of learning human relations skill
required for the employees working in sales,
marketing, and purchasing and for the supervisors
who have to work with people.

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 Training methods
 Conferences and seminars:
 Participants gain knowledge and understanding by
attending these conferences and seminars and
actively participating in the proceedings. Group
discussions,exchange of ideas and opinions take
place which help the participants develop leadership
qualities.Two way communication makes it more
effective. it is useful for clerical,professional and
supervisory levels

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 Training methods
 Films and slides shows:It involves imparting
information, knowledge and job related skills through
using slides and films.
Ex: use of multimedia

 University and college courses:

 University and college sometimes offer such courses
which help a subordinate to perform better in their
working area.
 Ex: management courses, logistic courses, computer
relted courses, media courses

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 Training methods
 Programmed instructions:
this concept is gaining popularity. The subject matter
to be learned is condensed in to logical sequence.
The participant has to answer. It provides instant
feed back so participants knows whether he is
correct or not instantly and correct
themselves.Today a no. of books and manuals are
available in the market.

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