:Practical 1

Microscope
Cell structure
 Introduction •
Histology is the study of the structure of tissues under microscope to •
provide learning of tissue organization of the body
.Cytology is the study of cell structure and functions •
Both histology and cytology are studied by use of microscopes •
. (Microscopic Anatomy)
Microscopy •
.Microscopes provide scientists with a deeper look into how cells function •
There are many types of microscopes, from compound light microscopes •
.to powerful electron microscopes (The magnification)
Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two adjacent points (the •
.minimum distance)
A compound light microscope uses a set of glass lenses and light rays passing •
.through the object to magnify objects (be viewed directly by the human eye) •
The transmission electron microscope makes use of a stream of electrons to •
produce magnified images, therefore, it is projected onto a fluorescent screen or
.photographic film to produce an image (micrograph)
A scanning electron microscope provides a three dimensional view of the surface •
. of an object
A narrow beam of electrons is scanned over the surface of the specimen, which is •
.coated with a thin layer of metal
.In the laboratory, the light microscope is often used to view live specimens •
Because electrons cannot travel very far in air, a strong vacuum must be maintained •
.along the entire path of the electron beam
Because most cells are transparent, they are often stained with colored dyes before •
.being viewed under a light microscope
In electron microscopy, the sample is treated with electron dense metals (such as •
.gold) to provide contrast
.Electron micrographs may be colored after the micrograph is obtained •
The expression “falsely colored” means that the original micrograph was colored after •
.it was produced
In addition, during electron microscopy, cells are treated so that they do not •
.decompose in the vacuum, and frequently, they are also embedded into a matrix