DEVELOPMENT OF MANDIBLE

Contents

• INTRODUCTION
• ANATOMY OF MANDIBLE
• PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF MANDIBLE
• POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF MANDIBLE
• ANOMALIES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCEE
 INTRODUCTION

• Mandible is largest and lowest bone of the face.

• Horseshoe shaped body
• It is connected to temporal bone through TMJ.
• Innervated by mandibular branch of the trigeminal N.
• Important functions such as mastication,deglutition,
speech etc.
Anatomy of mandible

• Body
• Ramus
• Condyles
• Alveolar process
• Angle of the mandible
Development of
mandible

Prenatal Postnatal

• Germinal
• Embryonic
• Fetal
Development of mandible

The 1st pharangeal arch is the mandibular arch which contains the
Meckle’s Cartilage.
It appears at about 6th week of IUL
Meckle’s Cartilage

• Derived from 1st branchial arch.

• Extends from Otic Capsule to midline
• It provides template for guiding the growth of
mandible
• Major part of the Meckels cartilage disappears and
remaining part develop into Mental ossicle
Incus Malleus
Spine of the
sphenoid bone
Ant.ligament of
malleus
 Ossification of mandible

Intramembraneous Endrocondral

Ramus till mand.foramen Symphysis of mandible

Body of the mandible Ramus above mand foramen
except ant part Coronoid
Condylar
CENTER OF OSSIFICATION

• Ossification starts at the division of mental and

incisive branch of
Inferior alveolar nerve around 6th week of IUL
• From center of ossification Bone formation spreads
anteriorly –midline and posteriorly where
mandibular nerve divides into lingual and Inferior
alveolar bone.
• Intramembranous ossification spreads anteriorly and
posteriorly to form body and ramus of mandible
Post natal growth of mandible
Of all facial Bone ,mandible shows largest postnatal growth and
large variability in morphology.

In adult it appears as a single bone but developmentally and functionally

divisible into single subunit.
• Ramus
• Body of mandible
• Angle
• Lingual Tuberosity
• Alveolar Process
• Chin
• Condyle
Ramus-The ramus moves progressively post.by a
combination
Of deposition and resorption.

Resorption occurs in ant .part of ramus while

deposition occurs on the
posterior region.

Because of absorption of ant border of ramus

additional space is available
for permanent M.
Body of mandible

Body lengthens due to resorption

and deposition of mandible
Widens due to growth of alveolar process
and eruption of teeth.
 Angle of mandible

On the lingual side of the angle of mandible

resorption occurs posteroinferior aspect

Deposition Anteriosuperior aspect

Angle decreases from 175 at birth to 115 in adult

CORONOID PROCESS

• Propellar like twist

• Increase in height superiorly
• Widens medially and grows
posteriorly
• Follows ‘V’priciple
CONDYLAR PROCESS

• Important growth site in mandibular process

• Helps to withstand the compression with TMJ
• Two school of thought
• One school says-Because of the deposition on the
condyle area the condyle grows
• Another school says that because of the growth of
soft tissues including muscles and connective
tissues
• Because of these two reasons it pushes the
mandible in forward direction.
 CHIN

• Becomes prominent at
puberty especially males
• Bone deposition seen in
mental protuberance
• Bone resorption seen in
alveolar region above the
prominence
ALVEOLAR PROCESS

• Occurs around the tooth bud

• As teeth start erupting alveolar process increases
in size and height
• Alveolar process grows upward and outward on
expanding arch
• This permits dental arch to accommodate
permanent tooth
Anomalies of mandible

Goldenhars syndrome
Downs syndrome
Marfans syndrome
Turners syndrome
Pierre Robin Syndrome
Treacher Collin syndrome
Micrognathia
Macrognathia
AGNATHIA

• Mandible grossly deficient or absent

• Deficiency of neural crest tissue in lower part
of face
 HEMIFACIAL MICROSOMIA

• Also called Goldenhar syndrome

• Underdeveloped mandible
• Unilateral and asymmetrical
MANDIBULAR DYSOSTOSIS

• Also called Treacher Collins

Syndrome

• Hypoplasia of mandible

• Prevelance-1:25000
 PIERRE ROBIN SYNDROME

Prevelance-1:8500

Mandible is underdeveloped

Cleft palate
MICROGNATHIA

• Produce prognathism
• Usually inherited
Conclusion
Timely identification of growth disturbances
helps in interception of developing malocclusion .

Timely diagnosis of growth problems gives you a chance

to treat the problem with functional appliances.
Reference
• BD Chaurasia Hyman Anatomy vol 3

• Inderbir Singh Human Embryology 11th Ed

. Gray’s anatomy

• Shafers textbook of oral pathology

• Contemporary orthodontics-William R Proffit