CONTINUOUS CONTROL

CONTINUOUS CONTROL
Proportional Controllers
 CONTINUOUS CONTROL
PID Control Systems

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are the most common

controller choice. The basic controller equation is shown in Figure 25.13.
The equation uses the system error e, to calculate a control variable u.
The equation uses three terms. The proportional term, Kp, will push the
system in the right direction. The derivative term, Kd will respond
quickly to changes. The integral term, Ki will respond to long-term
errors. The values of Kc, Ki and Kp can be selected, or tuned, to get a
desired system response.
 CONTINUOUS CONTROL
PID Control Systems
 CONTINUOUS CONTROL
PID Control Systems
 CONTINUOUS CONTROL
PID Control Systems

Microcontroller Realization
 CONTINUOUS CONTROL
Differentiator

𝑅𝑓   𝑑 𝑉𝑖𝑛
𝑉𝑜=− 𝐶𝑖𝑛
𝑅𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑥
 CONTINUOUS CONTROL
Integrator