GOVT. P.G.

COLLEGE, New
Tehri
2021-2022
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IMMUNOGEN &
ANTIGEN & ANTIBODY

Shewta Bhatt
M. Sc. 2nd semester
09/12/2022
•When foreign substances (ag) are introduced into the
body , they lead to anti foreign substances (antibody)
formation.

•These foreign substance may be bacteria , viruses ,

parasite , foreign proteins etc. when entering the body
it gives rise to an immune response.

These foreign substances may be:-

1. immunogenic:- when they can produce a specific

immune response will stimulate immune cells & then
give rise to immunological reaction ( humoral or
cellular).
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2. Antigenic:- subsatnces cannot yield directly
immune response but need some help from some
proteins ( carrier proteins) & then they can react with
antibodies.

All immunogens are antigens , but not all antigens are

immunogens.

Antigens may be :- 1. complete

2. Incomplete called haptens.

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Antigen structure
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 Antigen structure and Epitope
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1. Autologous antigen

2.Allogenic antigens

3. Hetrologous antigens

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 Epitope & haptens
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The epitope is an antigenic determinant , these are
small in size . These may be 4- 5 amino acids or
monosaccharides.

The surface is called topografical.

Internal only expressed after processing by the
antigen prsenting cells.

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 Haptens
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Mean fasten, these are partial antigens.

These are not immunogenic.
Mostly too small to be immunogenic.
Hapten need carrier proteins like albumin, globulin
& synthetic polypeptide to be become immunogenic.

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 Immunoglobulin
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Antibody are glycoprotein called immunoglobulin.

Antibody are found in the plasma & other body fluids
like tears, saliva, milk, colostum.
Porter & edelman in detail about antibodies in 1950
& they were awarded nobel prize.

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 Evolution of Ig molecule
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Ig molecule consist of a heavy chain & light chain.

The light chain gene is present on chromosome 2.
Ig molecule consist of 12 basic unit structure or
units.
Ig consists of 4 polypeptide chain one pair is light
chain & 2nd pair is a heavy chain.

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 Based on the heavy chain, Ig
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1. IgG
2.IgA
3.IgM
4.IgD
5.IgE
These immunoglobulin class differ from each other
on the basis of molecular weight , sedimentation
coeffient & carbohydrate contents.

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 Function of antibody
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1. Defend against microorganism ( bacteria ,

viruses).
2. The first antibody , which appear is IgM &
followed by IgG
3.In fetal life , IgM appear at 6 months of
intrauterine life.
4.Mother milk is rich source of IgA & IgG.
5. Removal of foreign antigen from the circulation.

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Thank you

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