SOCIOLOGY 101

(ELEMENTS OF CULTURE)

JOEFOE REY L. JALANDONI

(PRESENTER)
Objective
 At the end of the lesson the should be able
to describe the social behavior of the society
that guides with the elements of culture
 Auguste de Comte
 Father of Modern Sociology
 Coined the word “sociology”
 POSTIVISM
SOCIUS – companion or associate
LOGOS – to study

 It is a study of society , groups , and social

behavior.
 sociologists seeks to describe the conditions that
promote social conflict and stability , the forces
that strengthen or weaken groups and the sources
of social change.

 Positivism is the term used to describe an approach

to the study of society that relies specifically on
scientific evidence, such as experiments and statistics,
to reveal a true nature of how society operates
How Sociologists define “culture”
 Culture is one of the most important
concepts within sociology because
sociologists recognize that it plays a crucial
role in our social lives. It is important for
shaping social relationships, maintaining and
challenging social order, determining how we
make sense of the world and our place in it,
and in shaping our everyday actions and
experiences in society. It is composed of both
non-material and material things
 6 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

1. NORMS

The guidelines which serve as the expectations

for people to do in relation with one another;
the shared , standard rules to specify what is
right and wrong; there are three kinds of
norms: folkways , mores, and laws
 Folkways
the habitual ways of doing something without
giving much thought; do not have particular
moral or ethical significance
Mores
The vital norms to a society; the society’s code of ethics
and moral standards; there are two kinds: duty and taboo

a. Positive mores/duty
The behavior that must be done because it is good
“thou shall behavior”

b. Negative mores /taboo

The behavior that must not be done because it is bad
“thou shall not behavior”
 Laws – the formalized norms enacted by
people with legitimate authority; have formal
sanctions

Sanctions – penalties and rewards concerning

social norms
2. Non – material culture
 Ideas – man’s conception of his physical,
social and cultural world

 Beliefs – man’s conviction about a certain

idea; man’s perception of reality

 Values – abstract concept of what’s

important; what guides a person’s a way of
life
3.Material Culture
 The concrete and tangible objects created
and used by man to satisfy his varied needs
and wants
4. Symbols
 An object , gesture , sound , color or design
that represents something other than itself ;
 An arrival of mutually shared meaning
5. Language
 A form of communication using words either
spoken or gestured with the hands and
structured with grammar, often with a writing
system
6. Technology
 use of techniques, processes, and material objects
to produce goods, provide services, and connect
people
QUIZ : ESSAY
1. Cite an idea between the culture society in 14th century
(Pre Colonial) and the present

2. Explain in your own words the three kinds of norms:

folkways, mores and laws in the Philippines

3. Why is it culture is one of the most important concept

within sociology

4. Is language a tool for transmission of one’s culture and

values?

5. Can a language affect cultural identity? Why?