INTRODUCTION TO Abel de Lima Paz

AGRICULTURE
INTRODUCTION

Agriculture is the science, art and business of raising plants

and animals for human and economic purposes.
It is also a broad industry engaged in the production
of plants and animals for food and fiber, the provision
for agricultural supplies and services and the
marketing, processing and distribution of agricultural
products.
WHAT IS AGRICULTURE?
-It is the science or practice of farming, including cultivation
of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of
animals to provide food, wool, and other products.
-Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil,
growing crops and raising livestock.
HISTORY
The Green Revolution
-The set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring
between 1950 and the late 1960s.
-The great increase in production of food grains (such as rice
and wheat) through the introduction of high yielding varieties, the
use of pesticides and to better management techniques.
PHILIPPINE POPULATION AND
AGRICULTURE
In 2009, the Philippine population was 92.23M and the annual population growth
rate from 2000-2007 is 2.04.
Philippines comprises 38 million hectares - 47% of which is dedicated for
agriculture
Employing approximately 10.9 million people as of January 2018.
Agricultural sector accounts 26% of the nation’s employment.
Presently, the increase in food supply is about 2% per year which is just enough
to keep up population increase.
AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES MODERNIZATION ACT (AFMA)
OR REPUBLIC ACT 8435

-Was enacted on December 22, 1997.

-A policy instrument defining measures to modernize
Philippine Agriculture for the Country to compete in the
global market.
THE CONCEPT OF
AGRICULTURE
Systematic raising of useful plants and livestock under the
management of man.
Elements of nature harnessed to produce plants and animals
to meet human needs.
 2 TYPES OF AGRICULTURE
1. Industrialized Agriculture
2. Subsistence agriculture
1.INDUSTRIALIZED
AGRICULTURE
2.SUBSISTENCE
AGRICULTURE 
 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Sustainable - latin (“sustinere”) means to keep in
existence.
Sustainability - “ development w/c meets the needs of
the present generation w/o compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs”. (UN,
1987)
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Natural Resources

ECONOMIC SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTA

L
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
When; On the other hand;
Physical & Biological resources Poor Economic and Social
of the environment depleted development leads to wanton
depletion of natural resources
Future economic and social
development are negatively
affected (FAO 2009)
1980S
Concept of sustainable agriculture started when
studies revealed problem brought about by modern
and conventional farming
 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PUTS
VALUE TO SEVEN MAIN
PHILOSOPHIES:
1. Economically Sound
2. Economically viable
3. Socially-just and equitable
4. Culturally sensitive
5. Location specific approriate technology
6. Grounded on holistic science
7. Aimed for total human development
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE
- was agreed by 300 NGOs from - in the philippines first used in
60 countries who attended the 1989 by the Sustainable
Earth Summit and Global Agriculture Coalition (SAC)
Forum on June 1992 in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil.
 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE (PRETTY ET.AL-1996) AS
ANY SYSTEMS OF FOOD AND FIBRE PRODUCTION THAT
SYSTEMATICALLY PURSUE THE FF:
Integration of natural processes such as nutrient cycling,
nitrogen fixation and pest predator relationships.
Minimized use of external and non-renewable inputs that harm
the health of farmers, consumers and the environment.
Particitpation of farmers and communities in problem analysis,
technology development, adaptation and extension, and
monitoring and evaluation
 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE (PRETTY ET.AL-1996)
AS ANY SYSTEMS OF FOOD AND FIBRE PRODUCTION
THAT SYSTEMATICALLY PURSUE THE FF:
Equitable access to resources and opportunities
Values local knowledge, practices and resources.
Integration of the diversity of natural resources and enterprises within
farms
Increased self-reliance among farmers and rural communities,
 ACCORDING TO HALBERG
ET.AL
Organic (2006)
Agriculture is an ‘alternative, which builds on the
relationship between food production and nature’.
Organic Farming has a potential to contribute to sustainable
development.
 ACTIVITY 1
1.What are your views about sustainable agriculture and
organic agriculture?
2. Can they be considered the same?
3. Are all organic agriculturel systems sustainable?
4. On the other hand can we say that all sustainable
agricultural systems are organic?