GEOGRAPHY ACTIVITY GROUP 1

FACTORS NECESSARY FOR SOIL

FORMATION

Swara Vaidya
 TODAY WE WILL LEARN
1. PARENT ROCK
2. REGIONAL CLIMATE
3. BIOTIC MATERIAL
4. TIME
5. COARSE SOIL
6. REGUR OR BLACK SOIL
7. LATERITE SOIL
8. ALLUVIAL SOIL OF THE COASTAL
STRIP
9. YELLOW BROWN SOIL
Ayush bendale
 LET’S RECALL

• WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT CONSTITUTE OF SOIL ?

• FROM WHERE DO THE ABIOTIC FACTORS BECOME

AVAILABLE FOR SOIL FORMATION ?
• WHILE ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS ABOVE , YOU
MUST HAVE GATHERED SOME INFORMATION
ABOUT SOIL AND REALIZED SOME OF IT’S
CHARACTERISTICS.

Atharva shete
 PARENT ROCK

• EARTH SCIENCES, PARENT ROCK, ALSO

SOMETIMES SUBSTRATUM, IS THE ORIGINAL
ROCK FROM WHICH YOUNGER ROCK OR SOIL IS
FORMED. IN SOIL FORMATION THE PARENT ROCK
(OR PARENT MATERIAL) NORMALLY HAS A LARGE
INFLUENCE ON THE NATURE OF THE RESULTING
SOIL; FOR EXAMPLE, CLAY SOIL IS DERIVED
FROM MUDSTONE WHILE SANDY SOIL COMES
FROM THE WEATHERING OF SANDSTONES.
PARENT ROCK CAN BE SEDIMENTARY, IGNEOUS
OR METAMORPHIC. IN THE CONTEXT OF
METAMORPHIC ROCKS, THE PARENT ROCK (OR
PROTOLITH) IS THE ORIGINAL ROCK BEFORE
METAMORPHISM OCCURREDPARENT ROCK

Janisha modi
 REGIONAL CLIMATE

• SOILS DEVELOP FASTER IN

WARM, MOIST CLIMATES AND
SLOWEST IN COLD OR ARID
ONES. RAINFALL IS ONE OF THE
MOST IMPORTANT CLIMATE
FACTORS IN SOIL
FORMATION. ... DEEPER SOILS
FORM AT THE BOTTOM OF A
HILL BECAUSE GRAVITY AND
WATER MOVE SOIL PARTICLES
DOWN THE SLOPE.REGIONAL
CLIMATE
Janisha modi
 BIOTIC MATERIAL
• BIOTIC MATERIAL OR BIOLOGICAL DERIVED
MATERIAL IS ANY MATERIAL THAT ORIGINATES FROM
LIVING ORGANISMS. MOST SUCH MATERIALS CONTAIN
CARBON AND ARE CAPABLE OF DECAY.THE EARLIEST
LIFE ON EARTH AROSE AT LEAST 3.5 BILLION YEARS
AGO. EARLIER PHYSICAL EVIDENCES OF LIFE INCLUDE
GRAPHITE, A BIOGENIC SUBSTANCE, IN 3.7 BILLION-
YEAR-OLD METASEDIMENTARY ROCKS DISCOVERED
IN SOUTHWESTERN GREENLAND,AS WELL AS,
"REMAINS OF BIOTIC LIFE" FOUND IN 4.1 BILLION-
YEAR-OLD ROCKS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA. EARTH'S
BIODIVERSITY HAS EXPANDED CONTINUALLY EXCEPT
WHEN INTERRUPTED BY MASS
EXTINCTIONS.ALTHOUGH SCHOLARS ESTIMATE THAT
OVER 99 PERCENT OF ALL SPECIES OF LIFE (OVER FIVE
BILLION)

Athrva shete
 TIME

• THE TIME NEEDED TO FORM A SOIL

DEPENDS ON THE LATITUDE: IN
ENVIRONMENTS CHARACTERIZED BY
A MILD CLIMATE, IT TAKES 200-400
YEARS TO FORM 1 CM OF SOIL. IN WET
TROPICAL AREAS SOIL FORMATION IS
FASTER, AS IT TAKES 200 YEARS. IN
ORDER TO ACCUMULATE ENOUGH
SUBSTANCES TO MAKE A SOIL FERTILE
IT TAKES 3000 YEARS.TIME

Ayush gurjar
 COARSE SOIL

• COARSE GRAINED SOILS ARE

DEFINED AS THOSE SOILS
WHOSE INDIVIDUAL GRAINS ARE
RETAINED ON A NO. 200 (0.075
MM) SIEVE. GRAINS OF THIS
SIZE CAN GENERALLY BE SEEN
WITH THE NAKED EYE,
ALTHOUGH A HAND HELD
MAGNIFYING GLASS MAY
OCCASIONALLY BE NEEDED TO
SEE THE SMALLEST OF THE
GRAINS. GRAVEL AND SAND ARE
COARSE
Ayush gurjar GRAINED
SOILS.COARSE SOIL
 REGUR OR BLACK SOIL

• BLACK SOILS KNOWN LOCALLY

AS REGUR. AFTER THOSE THE
ALLUVIAL SOIL IS THE THIRD
MOST-COMMON TYPE. ... …ARE
OFTEN REFERRED TO AS REGUR
BUT ARE POPULARLY KNOWN
AS “BLACK COTTON SOILS,”
SINCE COTTON HAS BEEN THE
MOST COMMON TRADITIONAL
CROP IN AREAS WHERE THEY
ARE FOUND. BLACK SOIL
Atharva shete
 LATERITE SOIL

• LATERITE IS BOTH A SOIL AND A

ROCK TYPE RICH IN IRON AND
ALUMINIUM AND IS COMMONLY
CONSIDERED TO HAVE FORMED
IN HOT AND WET TROPICAL
AREAS. NEARLY ALL LATERITES
ARE OF RUSTY-RED
COLORATION, BECAUSE OF
HIGH IRON OXIDE LATERITE
SOIL

Maahi Agarwal
 ALLUVIAL SOIL OF THE COASTAL
STRIP

• THE ALLUVIAL SOIL OF THE

COASTAL STRIP IS FORMED
DUE TO THE DEPOSITION OF
ALLUVIUM BROUGHT
MAINLY FROM THE DECCAN
TRAP REGION WHICH IS
VOLCANIC IN ORIGIN. IT IS
DARK IN COLOUR. THIS SOIL
OS AGRICULTURALLY VERY
IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS A
MIXTURE OF SAND, CLAY Ayush bendale
 YELLOW BROWN SOIL

• SOIL COLOR IS PRODUCED BY

THE MINERALS PRESENT AND BY
THE ORGANIC MATTER
CONTENT. YELLOW OR RED
SOIL INDICATES THE PRESENCE
OF OXIDIZED FERRIC IRON
OXIDES. DARK BROWN OR
BLACK COLOR IN SOIL
INDICATES THAT THE SOIL HAS A
HIGH ORGANIC MATTER
CONTENT. YELLOW BROWN SOIL

Maahi Agarwal
 CREDITS

• INTRO AND OUTRO AND FULL

PRESENTATION BY SWARA
VAIDYA
• MAAHI , JANISHA, ATHARVA ,
AAYUSH B , AAYUSH G ,
PROVIDED THE INFORMATION
Swara Vaidya
Swara Vaidya