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Earthing System
Earthing System
• TN-C-S earthing system: combined PEN
conductor from transformer to building
distribution point, but separate PE and N
conductors in fixed indoor wiring and
flexible power cords.
ونددر اي ن روشم ئس له مهم ه ما هنگي
ت ن ج ا م ش.
ولبه نتي جه مطلو ب ب ا ي د مالحظ ا ت ذيل به دق ا
ب ار ي حص
فيوزها ميب ا شند.
نس نهاد يف از و هاد يخنث ي
ال ك وتا ه ك ا مل ( ب دون ا مپد ا ) بي
-1در سي تس مه اي ،TNدرصورتب روز ا تص
درهر ي ك ازشاخهها ي تو زيع ،مولفه متق ارن شد تجريا ن اتصال ك وت ا هدر بد ترين شرايط با ي د در رابطه
دق ن ما يد .
زير ص
Ia
In
K
independent of any earth connection at the
generator.
IT network
• In an IT network, the distribution system
has no connection to earth at all, or it has
only a high impedance connection.
•
:ϪΟϮΗ
.ΩϮθϴϣϪΘϓ ή̳ ήψϧέΩϱ ΪόΑήΗϻΎΑέ ΪϘϣˬ)1(ϝϭΪΟέΩ̫ Ύ Θϟϭϲ ϧΎϴϣήϳΩΎϘϣϱ ήΑ˰
TTϢΘδϴγˬϡϭΩε ϭέ
ί ϞϘΘδϣϲ ϜϳήΘϜϟΕ Ύ δϴγΎΗϭΎϫϮϠΑΎ
Ηϱ ΩΎϫϱ ΎϫϪϧΪΑˬ )TT ϢΘδϴγ (ε ϭέϦϳέΩ
.ΪϧϮηϲ ϣϞλ ϭϦϴϣί ϪΑϢΘδϴγϦϴϣί ϝΎ μ Η
ϪϠϴγϭϚϳϖϳήσί Ϫϛϲ ϜϳήΘϜϟΕ ΰϴϬΠΗϱ ΩΎ ϫϱ ΎϫϪϧΪΑϪϴϠ ϛ TTϱ Ύ ϫϢΘδϴγέΩ
Ϟμ ΘϣΪΣϭϦϴϣί ΩϭήΘϜϟϚϳϪΑϲ Θχ Ύ ϔΣϱ ΎϬϳΩΎ
ϫϪϠ ϴγϮΑΪϳΎ ΑΪϧϮηϲ ϣΖ χ Ύ ϔΣ
ϦϳˬΪϧήϴ̳έήϗϩΩΎ ϔΘγΩέϮϣϱ ήγέϮσϪΑϲ Θχ Ύ ϔΣϪϠ ϴγϭΪϨ̩ Ϫ̪ ϧΎϨ̩ .ΪϧϮη
Ζχ Ύ ϔΣϪϠ ϴγϭϚϳϖϳήσί Ϫϛϱ ΩΎ ϫϱ Ύ ϫϪϧΪΑί ϩϭή̳ ήϫΩέϮϣέΩΪϳΎ ΑϥϮϧΎϗ
.ΩΩή̳ Ε ΎϋήϣΩϮηϲ ϣ
.ΪηΎΑέήϗήΑϲ ΘδϳΎ Αήϳί ς ϳ ήη TTϢΘδϴγέΩ˰
R I 50V
A a :ϥέΩϪϛ
ϲ Θχ ΎϔΣϱ ΩΎ ϫϭϦϴϣί ΩϭήΘϜϟ Ζ ϣϭΎ ϘϣωϮϤΠϣ :)Ϣϫ ΐ δΣήΑ(
ϲ Θχ Ύ
ϔΣϪϠ ϴγϭϚϴΗΎ ϣϮΗ ΩήϜϠ Ϥϋΐ ΒγϪϛΖ γ ϲ ϧΎ ϳήΟ :)ή̢ ϣΐ δΣήΑ(Ia
.ΩΩή̳ ϲ ϣ
ϲ ϗΎ
ΑϥΎϳήΟ Ia ˬΩϮηϲ ϣϩΩΎ ϔΘγϩΪϧΎ ϣϲ ϗΎ
ΑϥΎ ϳήΟϲ Θχ Ύ ϔΣϞϳΎγϭί Ϫϛϲ ϣΎ̴Ϩϫ
.ΪηΎ Αϲ ϣ I I ϲ ϨόϳϩΎ̴ΘγΩΩήϜϠ
a n Ϥϋϱ ήΑϲ ϣΎ ϧϩΪϧΎϣ
ΩέϮϣί ϲ ϜϳˬΪηΎ ΑϥΎϳήΟϪϓ Ύο ϲ Θχ Ύ ϔΣϪϠ ϴγϭϚϳˬϲ Θχ ΎϔΣϪϠϴγϭϪϛϲ Θϗϭ
.ΩΩή̳ ήΟ ΪϳΎΑήϳί
ˬα ϮϜόϣϲ ϧΎ ϣί Ϫμ Ψθϣϲ ϨΤϨϣΎ Αϱ ϪϠ ϴγϭί ϩΩΎ ϔΘγΕ έϮλ έΩ
.ΩΩή̳ ϲ ϣϪϴϧΎΛ5ΩϭΪΣέΩϥ ΩήϜϠ ϤϋΚϋΎ ΑϪϛΖ γ ϲ ϧΎ ϳήΟ IaϥΎ ϳήΟ
Ia ϥΎϳήΟˬϲ ϧϊ τ ϗϪμ Ψθϣϲ ϨΤϨϣΎ ΑϪϠϴγϭϚϳί ϩΩΎ ϔΘγΕ έϮλ έΩ
.ΩΩή̳ ϲ ϣϪϠ ϴγϭϥϲ ϧϊ τ ϗΚϋΎ ΑϪϛΖ γ ϲ ϧΎ ϳήΟϞϗΪΣ
ϪΑϝΎ μ Η(ϲ ϜϤϛί Ύ γϞϴδϧΎ Θ̡Ϣϫί ΪϳΎ ΑΪηΎ Βϧ ήΟ ϞΑΎ
ϗϕϮϓς ϳ ήηϪ̪ ϧΎ Ϩ̩
.ΩήϛϩΩΎ ϔΘγ)ϮϠ ΑΎΗϪΑϚϳΩΰϧϩΪηϦϴϣί ϱ ΰϠ ϓϱΎϫϩί Ύ γ
Ϧϴϣί ϢΘδϴγΙ ΪΣ
ϩϮΤϧ
ϪϛΩέΩΩϮΟϭϲ ϔϠ
ΘΨϣϱ Ύ
ϬηϭέˬϦϴϣί ϝΎ
μ Η ϦϴΎ̡Ζ ϣϭΎ
ϘϣϚϳϪΑϥΪϴγέϱ ήΑ
Ι ΪΣ
ϱΎϬηϭέϦϳήΗΞϳ έί ϲ Ϝϳ .Ζ γ
ϩΪηΡήτ ϣϲ ϟΎ
γέ ϱ Ύ
Ϭηέΰ̳ έΩ
Ύ
ΑϝΩϮ̳ ϚϳΩΎ
ΠϳΎ
ΑϦϴϣί ϩΎ̩ϲ Ϡ
ϛέϮτ Α .Ζ γ»Ϧϴϣί ϩΎ̩ «ϥΎ
ϤϫˬϦϴϣί ϢΘδϴγ
έήϗΩϭήΘϜϟϚϳϥϖϤϋέΩϪϛΩϮηϲ ϣϪΘϓ
ή̳ ήψϧέΩήϴϐΘϣήτ ϗϭϖϤϋ
έήϗϩΎ̩ϪΗέΩ )ϲ δϣϪΤϔλ (ΩϭήΘϜϟϚϳˬϦϴϣί ϩΎ̩Ι ΪΣ
ϱ ήΑ.Ωήϴ̳ϲ ϣ
ϝΎ
ϏΫέΩϮ̡ ϑ ήσήϫί ήΘϤϴΘϧΎ
γ 20 Ζ ϣΎ
Ψο ϪΑϞϗ ΪΣˬϥϑ ήσ
έΩϭϪΘϓ
ή̳
5 ϭϩΪηΪϧήγϭΩήΧϚϤϧ̲ ϨγϪϳϻ 5Ύ
ΑϭΎ
ϨΘϣβ ̢ γ .ΩϮηϲ ϣϩΪϴΑϮϛϭϪΘΨϳέϡΰϴϫ
ϪϜϨϳΎ
ϳϭ (ϪΘΨϳέϩΎ̩ϞΧΩέΩήΘϤϴΘϧΎ
γ 15 Ζ ϣΎ
Ψο ϪΑϚϳήϫˬϝΎ ϏΫέΩϮ̡ Ϫϳϻ
1/5 ωΎ
ϔΗέΎ
ΗϭϩΩϮϤϧΩΎ
Πϳ 10 /0/5/1 Ζ ΒδϧϪΑ έϙ Ύ
Χ /ϝΎΫ
Ϗ /ϚϤϧρϮϠ
Ψϣ
Properties
• TN networks save the cost of a low-impedance
earth connection at the site of each consumer.
Such a connection (a buried metal structure) is
required to provide protective earth in IT and TT
systems.
• TN-C networks save the cost of an additional
conductor needed for separate N and PE
connections. However to mitigate the risk of
broken neutrals, special cable types and lots of
connections to earth are needed.
• TT networks require RCD protection and often
an expensive time delay type is needed to
provide discrimination with an RCD downstream
Safety
• In TN an insulation fault is very likely to lead to
a high short-circuit current that will trigger an
overcurrent circuit-breaker or fuse and
disconnect the L conductors.