FEMINISM AND GENDER

EQUALITY

PRESENTED BY:
ROFEL B. KIAMCO, RCRIM., CST, JD
 COVERAGE

 Concept of Feminism
 Feminism History and
Perspective
 Feminism and the Women’s
Movement in the Philippines
 Constitutional and Legislative
Victories
 CONCEPT
WHAT IS FEMINISM?
 Feminism is a collection of
movements and ideologies.
 Establishing.
 Defending.
 Political.
 Socio-economic rights for women.
 Women Suffrage.
FEMINISM
There’s no single definition, but feminism
boils down to ending gender
discrimination and bringing about
gender equality.

GENERAL TYPOLOGY OF FEMINISM

 Liberal
 Radical
 Cultural
LIBERAL FEMINISM
 Focused its energy on concrete and
pragmatic change at an
institutional and governmental level.
Its goal was to integrate women
more thoroughly into the power
structure and to give women equal
access to positions men had
traditionally dominated.
RADICAL FEMINISM
 Aimed to reshape society and
restructure its institutions, which
they saw as inherently patriarchal.
They strove to supplant hierarchical
and traditional power relationships
they saw as reflecting a male bias,
and they sought to develop
nonhierarchical and
antiauthoritarian approaches to
politics and organization.
CULTURAL FEMINISM
 Emphasizes essential differences between
men and women, based on biological
differences in reproductive capacity.
Cultural feminism attributes to those
differences distinctive and superior
virtues in women and value the qualities
identified with women as superior and
preferable to qualities identified with men,
whether the qualities are products of
nature or culture.
FEMINISM HISTORY AND PERSPECTIVE
 FEMINISM AND THE MOVEMENT IN THE
PHILIPPINES
HISTORICAL ROOTS AND
EVOLUTION OF THE FEMINIST
MOVEMENT
 The Bayan and the Babaylan:
Women in Pre-Colonial Philippines
 Chains of Chastity: The
Colonization of Women's Body in
Hispanic Philippines
 Sisters in Arms: Revolutionaries,
suffragists and guerillas:
 Women Comrades: Resisting A
Dictator and Persisting with the
Struggle:
 The Malayang Kilusan ng Bagong
Kababaihan (Movement for
Freedom by Progressive Women)
or MAKIBAKA
 The Katipunan ng Bagong Pilipina
(KABAPA)
 Kilusang Kababaihang Pilipina
(Philippines Women's Movement)
or PILIPINA
 Katipunan ng Kalayaan para sa
Kababaihan (Organization of
Women for Freedom) or
KALAYAAN
 GABRIELA or General
Assembly Binding Women for
Reforms, Integrity, Equality,
Leadership, and Action
 Canadian International
Development Agency (CIDA), one
of the first foreign agencies to
direct aid to Philippine NGOs,
decided to establish a Women in
Development (WID) Fund.
 National Commission on the Role
of Filipino Women (NCRFW) :
Philippine Development Plan for
Women (PDPW)
 CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE VICTORIES

 The Philippines has many constitutional and

legislative protections for women;
particularly in the area of violence against
women. Some of these include or are
included in:
 The 1987 Philippine Constitution in
article II, section 14 maintains that the
State, "recognizes the role of women in
nation building and shall ensure the
fundamental equality before the law of
women and men
 The Revised Penal code of the
Philippines, Republic Act No.
3815 - Article 245 of the Act
holds that where any police officer
or warden immorally or indecently
advances to a woman under his
watch, that officer or warden will
be charged and could face
suspension or disqualification of
his post.
 The Republic Act No. 7877, also
known as the Anti-Sexual
Harassment Act of 1995. This Act
applies to all persons, but at the
same time offers particularly
progressive provisions for the
protection of women and children
who are particularly vulnerable in
this area. This Act declares the
unlawfulness of sexual harassment
in employment, education and
training environments
• The Republic Act No. 9710, also known as
the Magna Carta of Women of 2009.
Section 2 of the Act holds that, "the state
realizes the equality of men and women
entails the abolition of the unequal
structures and practices that perpetuate
discrimination and inequality." It goes on
to state that the realization of this can be
achieved through appropriate plans,
policies, mechanisms, and so forth, to
achieve equality and freedom from sex-
based discrimination.
 The Republic Act 10354, also known as
the Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Act of 2012. Section
2 holds and emphasizes the importance of
the equal protection of both the lives of
women and the lives of unborn women
from conception. It goes onto recognize
and guarantee the promotion of gender
equality and equity, women's
empowerment and that the dignity of
health be classified as a human rights
concern and social responsibility.