PRINIPLE OF

ARCHITECTURE
Submitted By :
Riya
Roll no.
18001006053
DCRUST,MURTHAl
Content

1. OTTO WAGNER (1841-1918)

2. KENZO TANGE (1813-2005)
Otto Wagner

• Born : 13 July 1841, Vienna ,Austrian Empire

• Died : 11 April 1918 , Vienna , Austria-Hungary
• He was an Austrian architect and urban planner.
• He was a leading member of the Vienna Secession movement of architecture, founded in
1897, and the broader Art Nouveau movement.
• In 1894, he became Professor of Architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, and
increasingly expressed the necessity of leaving behind historical forms and romanticism and
developing Architectural Realism, where the form was determined by the function of the
building.
• In 1896 he published a textbook entitled Modern Architecture in which he expressed his
ideas about the role of the architect.
• His early works were inspired by Classical Architecture.
• By mid-1890s, he had already designed several buildings in what became known as
the Vienna Secession style.
• Beginning in 1898, with his designs of Vienna Metro stations, his style became
floral and Art Nouveau, with decoration by Koloman Moser.
• His later works, 1906 until his death in 1918, had geometric forms and minimal
ornament, clearly expressed their function. They are considered predecessors to
modern architecture.
 Art Nouveau Movement :
Art Nouveau, ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910
throughout Europe and the United States. Art Nouveau is characterized by its use of a long,
sinuous, organic line and was employed most often in architecture, interior design, jewelry and
glass design, posters, and illustration

 Vienna Secession :
The Vienna Secession is an art movement, closely related to Art Nouveau, that was formed in
1897 by a group of Austrian painters, graphic artists, sculptors and architect.
 Philosophy

The whole basis of the views of architecture

prevailing today must be displaced by the recognition
that the only possible point of departure for our
artistic creation is modern life
1. Stadiongasse,
Vienna
• In the 1880s, he began to construct buildings
of which he was both the architect and investor
in the project, sharing in the financial benefits.
• In 1882 he designed a luxury apartment
building on Stadiongasse in Vienna, close to
the Parliament and the city hall.
• The facade was inspired by the Renaissance,
but the interior was designed to be highly
practical, luxurious, and constructed with the
highest quality materials available.
• The benefits of this building allowed him to
build several more similar apartment buildings.
. Banking floor of the Länderbank, . First Wagner Villa (1886)
Hohenstaufengasse, Vienna (1882-1884)
 2. Karlsplatz station of the Vienna

• In the 1890s, Wagner became increasingly interested in urban planning.

• In April 1894, Wagner was named artistic counselor for the new Stadtbahn and gradually was
given responsibility for the design of the bridges, viaducts, and stations, including the elevators,
signs, lighting, and decoration.
• Wagner hired seventy artists and designers for his transit stations.
• The government committee specified that the buildings should be covered in white plaster, for
uniformity, and that the style should be Renaissance.
Doorways
 3. The Second Wagner Villa

• The building was designed to be extremely simple and functional, with a maximum of light,
and a maximum use of new materials, including reinforced concrete, asphalt, glass mosaics,
and aluminum.
• The villa is in the form of a cube, with white plaster walls
• The primary decoration elements of the exterior are bands of blue glass tile in geometric
patterns.
• The front door is reached by a monumental stairway to the first floor.
• The servant's quarters were downstairs, and the main floor was occupied by a large single
room, which served as a salon or dining room.
VIDEO SLIDE
 Kenzo Tange
• Born : 4 September 1913 ,Osaka, Japan
• Died : 22 March 2005 (aged 91)
• Tokyo, Japan
• He was a Japanese architect, and winner of the 1987 Pritzker Prize for architecture.
• He was one of the most significant architects of the 20th century, combining traditional
Japanese styles with modernism, and designed major buildings on five continents.
• Tange was also an influential patron of the Metabolist movement.
• In 1935 Tange began the tertiary studies at University of Tokyo's architecture department.
• In 1946, Tange became an assistant professor at the university and opened Tange Laboratory.
In 1963, he was promoted to professor of the Department of Urban Engineering.
• He disliked postmodernism in the 1980s and considered this style of architecture to be only
"transitional architectural expressions".
Metabolism Movement :
Metabolism movement was a post-war Japanese architectural movement
that fused ideas about architectural megastructures with those of organic
biological growth.
Philosophy
• Tange mixed traditional Japanese architecture with modern architecture
principles.
• Kenzo Tange once said, ‘Architecture must have something that appeals to the
human heart, but even then, basic forms, appearances must be locgical.
 Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

• The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum is a museum located in Hiroshima Peace

Memorial Park, in central Hiroshima, Japan, dedicated to documenting the atomic bombing
of Hiroshima in World War II.
• The building is raised on massive columns, which frame the view along the structure's
axis.
• The first floor of it was lifted six meters above the ground on huge piers.
• the interior was also finished with rough concrete, the idea of which, to keep the surface
plain so that nothing could distract the visitor from the contents of the exhibit.
 Tokyo Olympic arenas
• The Yoyogi National Gymnasium is situated in an open area in Yoyogi Park on an adjacent
axis to the Meiji Shrine.
• The gymnasium and swimming pool were designed by Tange for the 1964 Tokyo
Olympics, which where held in Asia.
• Inspired by the skyline of the Colosseum in Rome, the roofs have a skin suspended from
two masts.
• Height: 40.37m (First Gymnasium) – 42.29m (Second Gymnasium)
Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building
• The Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building for short, houses the headquarters of the Tokyo
Metropolitan Government, which governs the special wards, cities, towns and villages that
constitutes the whole Tokyo Metropolis. Located in Shinjuku
• It consists of a complex of three structures.
• The tallest of the three is Tokyo Metropolitan Main building No.1, a tower 48 stories tall that
splits into two sections at the 33rd floor.
• The building also has three levels below ground.
• The design of the building was meant to resemble an integrated circuit,while also evoking the
look of a Gothic cathedral.
• The other two buildings in the complex are the eight-story Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
Building (including one underground floor) and Tokyo Metropolitan Main Building No.2, which
has 37 stories including three below ground.
• The external skin of the building makes dual references to both tradition and the modern
condition.
THANK
YOU!