Edward Hubble

He was an American astronomer. He proved that many

objects previously thought to be clouds of dust and gas and
classified as “nebulae” were actually galaxies beyond the
Milky Way.
Nebulae
Is an enormous cloud of dust
and gas occupying the space
between stars and acting as a
nursery for new stars.
Cosmic Background Radiation

It is an electromagnetic
radiation that is a remnant
from an early stage of the
universe, also known as the
“relic radiation”.
Arno Penzias Robert Wilson

Their the discoverer of the cosmic

background radiation in 1964.
Big Bang Theory
Widely accepted theory of the
evolution of the universe. It
describes also that the universe
expanded from a tiny, dense,
and hot mass to its present size
and much cooler state.
General Relativity Theory

 Is used to explain the

behavior of objects in
space and time.
 It is concerned with
gravity and one of the
fundamental forces in the
universe.
 Cosmological Principle

A fundamental principle and assumption of

cosmology which says that on a large scale the
universe is both homogenous and isotropic.
Basic Assumptions
 Homogeneity

 Isotropy

 Universality
 Homogeneity
Is the assumption that matter is uniformly spread
through space.

Isotropy
Is the assumption that the universe looks the same in
every directions.
 Universality
Which holds that the physical laws we know on Earth apply
everywhere in the universe.
Steady State Theory

That the Universe has always

existed and that the Universe
is constantly creating matter
as the Universe expands.
Inflationary Universe Theory

Described how the universe was cooled by the

expansion, and how the expansion was slowed
by the attractive force of
Gravity.