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HINDUISM

• Hinduism is the world’s oldest religion, originating in the Indus River


valley about 4,500 years ago. It is the third largest of the world’s
major religions, with over 800 million followers, most of them living in
India.
• Hindus are polytheists, they believe that there are many gods. They
believe that one of these gods, Brahma, created the universe. Brahma,
along with Shiva (the destroyer) and Vishnu (the preserver), forms a triad
at the center of modern Hinduism. A central belief is karma, spiritual
progress. There is no final judgement, but, rather, reincarnation, a cycle of
life, death, and rebirth.
• Unlike Christianity and Islam, Hinduism does not proselytize.
• Vishnu is the preserver. He preserves the knowledge of Hinduism.
• Shiva too plays an important role in upholding Hindu Dharma. As the
destroyer, he removes the impurities and confusion that creeps into our
sacred knowledge.
• Ang "karma," ay . Kung ano ang ginawa ng isang tao sa nakaraan niyang
buhay, iyon ay makakaapekto sa kung ano ang magiging buhay niya sa
hinaharap sa panibagong katawan at katauhan.
BUDDHISM
 Two thousand five hundred years ago, the rich culture of India gave rise to Buddhism. Today
some 350 million people are Buddhists, almost all of whom are Asians. Buddhists make up
more than half of the populations of Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Cambodia, and Japan.
Buddhism is also widespread in India and the China.
 Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, he was the son of the upper-cast Hindu
ruler in an area north of Benares, India. At the age of 29, he gave up his life of luxury and
became ascetic. Through meditation, he discovered the following “four noble truths”, which
emphasize self-denial and compassion.
 These truths are as follows:
1. Existence is suffering.
2. The origin of suffering is desire.
3. Suffering ceases when desire ceases.
4. The way to end desire is to follow the “noble eightfold path”.
 The noble eightfold path consists of:
1. right belief 6. right effort
2. right resolve 7. right mindedness or contemplation
3. right speech 8. right ecstasy
4. right conduct
5. right occupation or living
Siya ay nabuhay sa maluhong pamumuhay na hindi masyadong nalalantad sa mundo. Siya ay iniwas at inilayo sa
impluwensya ng relihiyon. Gayunman, hindi ito nagtagal at napasok sila ng isang monghe. Nakita niya ang
kapayapaan sa isang monghe kaya napagpasyahan niya na maging isang monghe. Iniwan niya ang kayamanan at
kasaganaan at ipinagpalit sa payak na pamumuhay. Sinanay niya ang sarili sa matinding pagninilay at
pagdidisiplina. Siya ang namuno sa kanyang pangkat. Siya ay umupo sa ilalim ng puno ng igos (tinatawag din na
puno ng Bodhi) upang magnilay hanggang maabot ang "enlightenment. kinaumagahan, kanyang naabot ang
"enlightenment". Kaya siya ay nakilala sa tawag na 'the enlightened one' o 'Buddha'. Kinapitan niya ang kanyang
mga natuklasan at nagsimulang ituro sa mga kapwa niya monghe, na mayroon siyang malaking impluwensiya.

Ano ang mga natuklasan ni Guatama? Ang "enlightenment" ay makakamit sa pamamagitan ng "apat na
maharlikang katotohanan"1) ang mabuhay ay magdusa (Dukha), 2) ang pagdurusa ay hatid ng pagnanais (Tanha, or
"attachment"), 3) maaalis ang pagdurusa sa pamamagitan ng pag-alis sa lahat ng "attachment" at 4) ito ay
makakamtan sa pagsunod sa "noble eightfold path". Ang "eightfold path" ay nabubuo sa pagkakaroon ng tamang 1)
pananaw, 2) hangarin, 3) pananalita, 4) kilos, 5) buhay (bilang monghe), 6) pagsisikap (wastong paggabay sa
enerhiya), 7) pag-iisip (pagninilay), at 8) konsentrasyon (pokus).

Hindi kailanman itinuring ng Buddha ang kanyang sarili bilang diyos o anumang anyo ng banal na katauhan.
Bagkus, itinuturing niya ang sarili bilang "daluyan" para sa iba. Pagkatapos lamang ng kanyang pagkamatay siya
itinaas ang kalagayan ng kanyang mga taga-sunod, bagaman hindi lahat ng kanyang taga-sunod ay ganito ang
pagtingin sa kanya.
CONFUCIANISM
 Confucianism is a philosophy based on mutual respect and kindness toward others. It was
developed to bring peace and stability in society. It was founded before the birth of
Confucius during the Zhou Dynasty, developed through his later life and was made popular
soon after, during the Han Dynasty.
 Like Buddhism, Confucianism is based on a code of self-discipline and meditation
designed to maintain proper relationships that enhance loyalty, respect and morality.
 Confucius was a public official who was distressed by the corruption that he saw in
government. He urged social reform and developed a system of morality based on peace,
justice, and universal order.
 The basic moral principle of Confucianism is to maintain jen, sympathy or concern for
other humans.
 The key to jen is to maintain right relationships , being loyal and placing morality above
self-interest. In what is called the “Confucian Golden Rule”, Confucius stated a basic
principle of jen: to treat those who are subordinate to you as you would like to be treated
by people superior to yourself.
Ang jen ay pagiging mabuti at mapagbigay sa nangangailangan", "simpatya", "pusong makatao" at
"makatuwid na kaugalian".

Ang Confucianism ay ang pamamalakad ng tao sa halip na batas. Ang pagpapanatili ng kapayapaan at
maayos na relasyon ay higit na mahalaga kaysa konsepto ng labis na pagpapairal ng karapatang pang
tao. Pinahahalagahan ng confucianism ang pamilya bilang taga-hubog ng moralidad. Inihahalintulad
ang pamilya sa isang paaralan kung saan natutuhan nang bata ang mga responsibilidad at pribilehiyo na
mararanasan sa labas ng tahanan. 

Binigyang-diin din ni Confucius ang usapin ng moralidad. Gayundin ang pamumuhay ng moralidad.
Gayundin ang pamumuhay ng moderasyon at pamumuhay ng malayo sa kalabisan. Pangunahing interes
din ni Confucius na ang pagsasaalang-alang sa tamang pagkilos at pananagutang nakabatay sa limang
pangunahing pakikipag-ungnayan ng tao. Lahat ng ito ay makikita sa loob ng ng pamilyang nagbibigay-
diin sa konsepto ng herarkiya (antas) na nagangahulugan ng pagsunod at respeto sa nakatataas at
pagkilala naman sa karapatan at papel ng nakakababa.

Never do unto others what you would not Like them to do onto
you.
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianismo
https://www.gotquestions.org/Tagalog/Budismo.html
https://www.gotquestions.org/Tagalog/Hinduismo.html

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