The Gods We Worship

Live Next Door

Bienvenido Santos
What is Bienvenido Santos known
for?

 A novelist, short story writer,

poet, and activist, Santos's early
writings were in the English
language he learned at school,
Tondo (the language of his mother's
songs at home), and Tagalog (the
native dialect of the Philippines).
 Guide Questions:
 Is the text providing truths about life? What truths about life does
it reveal?
 The word “Gods” symbolizes what class in our society
 What do you think is the moral lesson of the text?
 Is the text relevant and timely? In what situations in our society
you can compare the text?
 This piece is a literature, how will you define literature based on
what you read and what we discussed?
 ASSIGNMENT
Directions: Write an essay on one of the following literary works below.
Examine and explain its qualities using of hallmarks of good literature as
your guide.

1. Noli Me Tangere by Dr. Jose P. Rizal

2. I Got Flowers Today by Paulette Kelly
3. Tata Selo by Rogelio Sikat
4. ABNKKBSNPLAKo?! by Bob Ong
 RUBRIC AND FORMAT:
The rubric for the essay is as follows:
Criteria:
30% Content FORMAT:
20% Textual Evidence
Font: Times New Roman
20% Organization
10% Mechanics
Size: 12
TOTAL: 80% Single Spacing
“A reader lives a thousand lives before
he dies . . . The man who never reads
lives only one”

-George R.R. Martin

CATEGORIZ
E ME!!!
 FICTION NON-FICTION
• ONE PIECE • ANNE FRANK

• EL FILIBUSTERISMO • THE LIFE AND WORKS OF

DR. JOSE RIZAL
• TWILIGHT SAGA: NEW
MOON • PRESIDENT DUTERTE’S
SONA
PROSE
 PROSE
 Is a form of language that has no formal metrical structure. It
applies a natural flow of speech, and ordinary grammatical
structure
 Prose comes from the Latin “prosa oratio,” meaning
DIFFERENT KINDS OF PROSE
“straightforward.

 Romance  Horror
 Action Adventure  Mystery/Crime
 Science Fiction  Historical
 Fantasy  Magic Realism
 Thriller  Women’s Fiction
 FICTION
 Is an imaginative recreation and re-creation of Life.
 Includes Short stories and Novels.
 SHORT STORIES - Often referred to as a “SLICE OF LIFE” It is a Fictitious
narrative compressed into one unit of Time, Place, and Action It deals with a
single character Interest, single emotion called forth by a single situation.

 NOVEL- Is a fictitious narrative with a complicated Plot. Novels have main plot
and sub-plots that is develop from the main plot. It is made up of Chapters.

 FABLE- usually featuring animals that behave and speak as human beings, told
in order to highlight human follies and weaknesses

 FOLKTALE- is an old story that's been told again and again, often for
generations.

 LEGEND-traditional story or group of stories told about a particular person or

place
 NOVEL VS. SHORT
STORIES
THE NO VEL IS LO NG ER BEC AUSE O F SEVERAL Sho rt sto rie s c o nta in pro ble m s tha t a re
C O MPLIC ATIO NS AND TWISTS TO ITS PLO TS re so lva ble quic kly.

le ng th a nd Co m ple x - a no ve l is a la rg e r-sc a le Le ng th a nd Co m ple x - The y usua lly fo c us o n

p ro je c t tha t ta ke s a lo t m o re sta m ina , It will o ne a spe c t o f a c ha ra c te r’s life , o r o ne a sp e c t
ta ke lo ng e r to write , so yo u ne e d to m a ke sure o f a p ro b le m / re la tio nship in a c ha ra c te r’s life
yo u ha ve a c o m p le x a nd susta ina b le id e a
 ELEMENTS OF A FICTION
1. CHARACTERS- the representation of human being of a human being persons involving in
the conflict.

FIVE WAYS OF REVEALING LITERARY CHARACTERS

 What the character do along with the circumstances in which they do it?
 How the characters are described?
 What the characters say and think?
 What the other characters say about them?
 What the author says about them?

Types Of Character:
 Round character - Is a dynamic character who recognize changes in the circumstances. Is a
fully develop character , with many traits – bad or good – shown in the story
 Flat character – also known as the stock or the stereotype character who does not grow and
develop. a flat character that is not fully developed
PROTAGONIST
 the main figure or one of the most prominent figures in a real
situation.
 Hero/Heroine
ANTAGONIST
 One that contends with or opposes another
 A foil to the protagonist
DEUTERAGONIST
 The deuteragonist could also be a neutral character.
 Secondary character, right behind the protagonist in importance
FRINGE
 One who is destroyed by his/her inner conflict
2. SETTINGS- The Locale (PLACE) or period of time in which the action of a
short story, Play, Novel or the Motion Picture takes place(Also known as the
background of the story)

3. CONFLICT- The struggle or complication involving the characters ,

opposition of persons or forces upon which the action depends in drama or
fiction
Types of Conflict
 Internal Conflict - when a character struggles with their own opposing
desires or beliefs.
 Interpersonal Conflict - any type of conflict involving two or more people
 External Conflict - a problem, antagonism, or struggle that takes place
between a character and an outside force.
4. PLOT- A casually related sequence of events, what happens as a result of the main
conflict in presented in a structure format.

Denouement
PLOT DEVICES:

 FLASHBACK - a scene that takes place before a story begins

 FORESHADOWING - a literary device in which a writer
gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story.
 SUSPENSE - an uneasy feeling that a reader gets when they
don't know what is going to happen next.
 SURPRISE ENDING - It may change the audience's
perception of the preceding events, or introduce a new conflict
that places it in a different context.
6. Mood - the atmosphere or emotional effect generated by the words, images,
situations in a literary work.

7. Tone - a term used to denote an attitude of feeling of the speaker or author as

conveyed by the language in its artful arrangement

8. Symbolism - stand for something other than themselves, they bring to mind not their
own concrete qualities, but the idea or obstruction that is associated with them

9. Images - are usually characterized by concrete qualities rather than abstract.

10. Theme - the central or dominating idea in literary work. It is the topic or the subject
of the selection.
 ELEMENTS OF NON-FICTION
1. PURPOSE-
ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF NON- FICTION WRITINGS IS
THE PURPOSE.

 TO INFORM
 TO PERSUADE
 TO ENTERTAIN
 TO EXPLAIN
 ELEMENTS OF NON-FICTION
2. Lay out
-Lay out should attract the reader and encourage reading and progression
through the book.
• Format is interesting, attractive, magnetic
• Index
• Glossary, pronunciation key
• Table of contents
• Book size
• Photographs compliment text, located near the related text, captions
accurate.
 ELEMENTS OF NON-FICTION
3. Information
 Information includes facts, little known information, and ideas
that spark curiosity, create mystery, and propel the
listener/reader/viewer to discover and learn.

4. Characterization
 Characters are well developed
 No stereotype or biased characterization
 Creates empathy for the characters
 Uses quotations and anecdotes.
 ELEMENTS OF NON-FICTION
5. Style and tone
 Style should maintain the reader's interest.
 Good style adds interest to the story.
 “The more that you read, the more
things you will know. The more that
you learn, the more places you’ll go.”

-Dr. Seuss